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IMPERFECT NATURE. "Natural selection can only act on variations present in a population. The result is adaptations that are contrivances, structures modified and used for functions quite different than the ancestral functions of those same structures." https://lnkd.in/dPY22fc View in LinkedIn

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AIMLESS. "Evolution shows the great power of aimless change." https://lnkd.in/dhwq6AM View in LinkedIn

WE ARE BACTERIAL HYBRIDS. "Evidence for a deep-rooted alliance between animals and bacteria also emerges in both groups' genomes. Researchers estimate that about 37% of the 23,000 human genes have homologs with bacteria and Archaea, i.e., they are related to genes found in bacteria and Archaea that were derived from a common ancestor." https://lnkd.in/dtQ6xsh View in LinkedIn

BLIND WATCHMAKER. "Natural selection, the blind, unconscious, automatic process which Darwin discovered, and which we know is the explanation for the existence and apparent purposefulness of all life, has no purpose in mind...It has no vision, no foresight, no sight at all. If it can be said to play the role of watchmaker in nature, it is the blind watchmaker.” (Richard Dawkins). https://lnkd.in/dNxk8hR View in LinkedIn

BOLTED TOGETHER. "Eukaryotes are hybrid organisms in terms of both their cellular organization and their gene complement. All eukaryotes seem to possess mitochondria or related organelles derived from α-proteobacteria, whereas Plantae and many groups of Chromalveolata additionally have cyanobacteria-derived plastids." https://lnkd.in/d_D8bWi View in LinkedIn

MESSY HYBRID. "Is the eukaryotic cell best seen as a kind of community composed of two or three taxonomically divergent entities or as a genuine individual that can be part of an evolving population of similar things? Should the answer have an impact on biological theory?" http://www.pnas.org/content/112/33/10278.full View in LinkedIn

RECAPITULATION REVERSED. "New ontogenetic data for the 350-million-year-old teleost relative Aetheretmon overturns this long-held hypothesis. Ontogeny does not recapitulate phylogeny; instead, differential outgrowth determines final morphology." https://lnkd.in/dB8GajJ View in LinkedIn

ASSUMED RECAPITULATION. "The symmetrical, flexible teleost fish ‘tail’ has been a prime example of recapitulation — evolutionary change (phylogeny) mirrored in development (ontogeny). Paleozoic ray-finned fishes (Actinopterygii), relatives of teleosts, exhibited ancestral scale-covered tails curved over their caudal fins. For over 150 years, this arrangement was thought to be retained in teleost larva and overgrown, mirroring an ancestral transformation series." https://lnkd.in/dPmPtVr View in LinkedIn

REMAINING VALUE. "While the recapitulation theory has largely been discredited in modern biology to an extent to refer it defunct, successional stages of embryos do resurrect stages in the phylogeny, albeit the correspondence being vestigial and rudimentary." https://lnkd.in/dE2ft2W View in LinkedIn