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AN ABUNDANCE OF EXAMPLES. "Vestigial features can be found in any species that has evolved—which is to say, all species." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn

AN EXTRAORDINARY ARTICLE by Alexander J Werth on vestigial feature, from which I will extensively quote. https://lnkd.in/d9QXfAp View in LinkedIn

PHYSICAL REMNANTS of evolution are a reminder of the ongoing, dynamic and formidable changes that all organisms on earth have experienced through evolution. Particularly, quirky maladapted vestigial structures that are lost in time. Sometimes, for me, these images are the only way to truly understand and acknowledge these changes; the image of the changes of the primate foot into the human foot are particularly reinforcing. We are such a menagerie of accidental hybrids. https://lnkd.in/eSbfe-f View in LinkedIn

VESTIGIAL INCLUDES not only organs but also cells, organelles, and parts of molecules, and genomes. Every part of a living organism. Even behaviors. This is often forgotten. View in LinkedIn

VESTIGIALITY CRITERIA. "The first criterion for vestigiality is that in comparison to its state in the sister groups the structure exhibits extreme reduction. The second criterion is that the structure has lost the specialized morphology that it exhibits in the sister groups. The third criterion is that the structure has lost a salient ancestral function." https://lnkd.in/eMd4h72 View in LinkedIn

NO LACK. "Mammals provide a plethora of examples of vestigial structures." https://lnkd.in/eMd4h72 View in LinkedIn

VESTIGIAL CORNERSTONE. "History has revised them, creationists deny them, but vestigial organs are still an unmistakable part of our evolutionary heritage." https://lnkd.in/eTmF_BF View in LinkedIn

CIRCULATORY AND UROGENITAL VESTIGES "Other clear developmental ‘vestiges’ come from the circulatory system of eutherian (placental) mammals, which undergo rapid and radical changes from fetal to newborn circulation, and from vertebrate urogenital (excretory and reproductive) systems, which in both males and females share many incipient structures that quickly shift function during sexual differentiation." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn

DEEP VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES. "Vestigial features of humans and other organisms are well known and have long been used as key evidence for evolution. Such features include not only anatomical structures but also physiological processes, biochemical reactions, and even behaviors." Not to mention fossils of transposons derived from ancient viruses that dominate genomes. http://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn

DEVELOPMENTAL VESTIGES. "Ontogenetic changes (i.e., developmental modifications occurring during an organism’s lifespan) can be more drastic than phylogenetic changes, perhaps due to the speed and scope with which development advances, and similarly reflect major biological processes. Nipples in male mammals provide a classic example." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn