Category: Uncategorized

VESTIGIALITY CRITERIA. "The first criterion for vestigiality is that in comparison to its state in the sister groups the structure exhibits extreme reduction. The second criterion is that the structure has lost the specialized morphology that it exhibits in the sister groups. The third criterion is that the structure has lost a salient ancestral function." https://lnkd.in/eMd4h72 View in LinkedIn

NO LACK. "Mammals provide a plethora of examples of vestigial structures." https://lnkd.in/eMd4h72 View in LinkedIn

VESTIGIAL CORNERSTONE. "History has revised them, creationists deny them, but vestigial organs are still an unmistakable part of our evolutionary heritage." https://lnkd.in/eTmF_BF View in LinkedIn

CIRCULATORY AND UROGENITAL VESTIGES "Other clear developmental ‘vestiges’ come from the circulatory system of eutherian (placental) mammals, which undergo rapid and radical changes from fetal to newborn circulation, and from vertebrate urogenital (excretory and reproductive) systems, which in both males and females share many incipient structures that quickly shift function during sexual differentiation." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn

DEEP VESTIGIAL STRUCTURES. "Vestigial features of humans and other organisms are well known and have long been used as key evidence for evolution. Such features include not only anatomical structures but also physiological processes, biochemical reactions, and even behaviors." Not to mention fossils of transposons derived from ancient viruses that dominate genomes. http://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn

DEVELOPMENTAL VESTIGES. "Ontogenetic changes (i.e., developmental modifications occurring during an organism’s lifespan) can be more drastic than phylogenetic changes, perhaps due to the speed and scope with which development advances, and similarly reflect major biological processes. Nipples in male mammals provide a classic example." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn

DARWIN ON VESTIGES. "Along with paleontological evidence from the fossil record and biogeographic evidence from species distributions, Darwin turned, naturally, to comparative anatomy, citing such well-known topics as homologous and analogous (convergent) features and similarities in skeletons and patterns of embryonic development. Darwin cited another prominent finding of comparative anatomy as an obvious line of evidence for evolution: vestigial features." http://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn

SEXUAL DUCT VESTIGES. "In males, the Wolffian duct becomes the efferent or deferent duct (including the epididymis, vas deferens, and seminal vesicle) that stores and transports sperm and seminal fluids. In females, the Wolffian duct degenerates and remains solely as a withered rudiment." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn

INDIFFERENT ORIGINS. "Males often retain relics of their ‘female’ (technically, indifferent) origins, just as females may retain remnants of structures that arise in early embryos and later become male features. Thus many non-functional developmental ‘vestiges’ relate to sex differences and sexual development." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn

SEXUAL VESTIGES. "In early development, the embryo develops along ‘indifferent’ lines as a sort of unisex model that later differentiates into a male or female phenotype. Often, leftovers of earlier stages can be seen in adults. Many of these embryonic ‘vestiges’ cannot be seen externally; others, like nipples on the chest, are readily visible." https://evolution-outreach.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s12052-014-0012-5 View in LinkedIn