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EUK MELTING POT. "This implicates the emerging eukaryotic cell as a second, after the primordial gene pool, melting pot of virus evolution, in which extensive mixing and matching of viral and cellular genes molded a new domain of the virus world." https://lnkd.in/dHhQ6QH View in LinkedIn

VIRAL EQUILIBRIUMS. "Acute viral infection is a nonequilibrium process, whereas chronic viral infection is a process in dynamic and metastable equilibrium." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867409007831 View in LinkedIn

VIRAL IMPRINTS. "Less recognized are the contributions to our metagenome from viruses that establish chronic infection and retroviral elements that infest our chromosomes. How the dynamic nature of the interactions between this internal virome and the host imprints our immune system, and perhaps our physiology more generally, has been given little consideration." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867409007831 View in LinkedIn

DRIVERS OF EVOLUTION. "Viruses are among the key agents of evolution; virus-derived gene transfer agents (GTAs) are the specialized genetic devices that evolved to promote gene exchange." Nice visual overview of viruses. https://lnkd.in/dxWrbdm View in LinkedIn

VIRAL ROOTS. "In the Virus World, all viruses evolve from other viruses, even if via circuitous routes: Omnis virus e virus. Granted, this requires an important caveat: viruses do exist that seem to be disconnected form the rest of the virus world." https://lnkd.in/dHhQ6QH View in LinkedIn

TURBULENT EVOLUTION. "The continuity of the Virus World notwithstanding, during eukaryogenesis, one of the most remarkable, turbulent transitions in life's evolution, it has gone through a second melting pot that gave rise to the realm of eukaryotic viruses." https://lnkd.in/dHhQ6QH View in LinkedIn

GREAT UNKNOWN. "We predict that the advent of high-throughput genome sequencing will significantly increase the number of known human viruses and the number of viruses that contribute to our metagenome via the establishment of chronic infection." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867409007831 View in LinkedIn

NEW PASSENGERS. "New polyomaviruses are not our only recently recognized passengers. Anelloviruses and related viruses, as well as adeno-associated virus (AAV), are now recognized to infect most humans by the end of childhood." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867409007831 View in LinkedIn

CO-EVOLUTION. "There are many animal polyomaviruses, and polyomavirus infection is highly species specific. This suggests prolonged coevolution of humans with at least five different polyomaviruses. Similarly, the eight known human herpesviruses are extremely efficient at establishing chronic infections; most of us carry many herpesviruses for our entire lives." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867409007831 View in LinkedIn

FINAL CONSIDERATION. "Our next step is to determine which naturally occurring genetic changes affect ecologically relevant phenotypes and how natural selection acts upon those phenotypes to confer adaptive evolution." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn