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DEVILS AND DETAILS. "The timing and number of times mugifumi is performed are important to obtain good results. Special care is needed when performing mugifumi because the growth of wheat and barley varies from year to year and from region to region." https://lnkd.in/dDuN9mZ View in LinkedIn

INCREASED CROP YIELDS. "Mugifumi is known to significantly affect wheat and barley plants. Treated plants have less spindly growth and lodgings, more tillers, longer spikes, and higher yields than untreated plants if farmers perform mugifumi properly." https://lnkd.in/dDuN9mZ View in LinkedIn

MONOLINGUAL BARRIER. "Japanese researchers at agricultural experiment stations have described the methodology of treading and have generated quantitative studies on its remarkable effects over the last several decades. However, the information on this practice in English has remained scarce, since it had been targeted to local farmers and written in Japanese only." https://lnkd.in/dDuN9mZ View in LinkedIn

TENSION AND COMPRESSION WOOD. "In angiosperms reaction wood is called tension wood. Tension wood forms on the side of the part of the plant that is under tension, pulling it towards the affecting force (upwards, in the case of a branch). It has a higher proportion of cellulose than normal wood. Tension wood may have as high as 60% cellulose. In gymnosperms it is called compression wood. Compression wood forms on the side of the plant that is under compression, thereby lengthening/straightening the bend. Compression wood has a higher proportion of lignin than normal wood. Compression wood has only about 30% cellulose compared to 42% in normal softwood. Its lignin content can be as high as 40%." https://lnkd.in/dVbW4mM View in LinkedIn

MUGIFUMI. "Japanese farmers have known for centuries of the efficacy of applying a mechanical stress—treading, trampling, or stamping—to the seedlings of autumn-sown wheat and barley, and call this process “mugifumi” [mugifúmi] in Japanese." https://lnkd.in/dDuN9mZ View in LinkedIn

RNA AND TENSION WOOD. "Here, we report our genome-scale identification and characterization of lncRNAs differentially expressed in the xylem of tension wood, opposite wood and normal wood in Populustomentosa, by high-throughput RNA sequencing. We identified 1,377 putative lncRNAs by computational analysis, and expression and structure analyses showed that the lncRNAs had lower expression levels and shorter lengths than protein-coding transcripts in Populus." (LncRNAs = long, non-coding RNAs). https://lnkd.in/dZRGrAT View in LinkedIn

SAYING. "The wind makes the tree stronger." https://lnkd.in/d8T-4_M View in LinkedIn

GENETIC IMPACT. "Here we begin to address the genetic pathways by which a repeated mechanical stimulus leads to a developmental change during plant thigmomorphogenesis, a stereotypical developmental alteration in the plant body plan that can be induced by shaking, rubbing, bending, or brushing leaves or stems." https://lnkd.in/dv9swtZ View in LinkedIn

PLANTS AND TOUCH. "Plant morphogenesis and its regulation have fascinated researchers for more than two centuries. Among determinants of morphogenesis mechanical signals appear as an important cue. The fact that plants respond to mechanical stimuli was reported by Darwin in the 1850's." https://lnkd.in/duaG7mX View in LinkedIn

MOLECULAR IMPACT. "Gentle mechanical sweeping of leaf surfaces induced a rapid increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration and a release of reactive oxygen species, and then enhanced resistance to B. cinerea in a jasmonate-independent manner." https://lnkd.in/dDuN9mZ View in LinkedIn