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FUTURE SHADOW. "De novo construction of larger, eukaryotic genomes will clearly come about within a few years, as this needs only technical advances in methods that already exist." https://lnkd.in/eKjEK6c View in LinkedIn

SYNTHETIC GENOME. "The steps to RNA and onward to phenotype have been achieved with the construction and cellular transfer of the first chemically synthesized bacterial genome." https://lnkd.in/eKjEK6c View in LinkedIn

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RADICAL MODIFICATIONS. "Since then, biotechnology has moved on, making it possible to synthesize bacteria, and organisms are genetically modified almost every day...In addition, all the code for synthetic DNA is stored on computers." http://www.pcworld.com/article/252103/computer_viruses_could_cross_frontier_into_biological_realm_researchers_say.html View in LinkedIn

SYNTHETIC VIRUS. "In 2002, scientists were able to synthesize the poliovirus." https://lnkd.in/ddTvp9R View in LinkedIn

"THE CLANKING REPLICATOR" was an engineering dream of a self-replicating machine. But programmable synthetic DNA robots can replicate, self-repair and most importantly, because of DNA mutations, evolve. Thus, they resemble viruses, which operate at the border of old definitions for life. This resemblance to viruses has been missed in the literature. It means that synthetic DNA robots are as alive as viruses. This is a milestone of historic proportions but has gone, it seems, unnoticed. View in LinkedIn

FROM CODE TO ORGANISM. "We can now go from information and get a reproducing organism. It lays down the gauntlet for us to learn how to engineer genomes." http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/synthetic-genome-cell/ View in LinkedIn

ARTIFICIAL GENOME TRANSPLANTATION. Craig Venter created synthetic DNA on a computer and booted up a disabled cell sack. "Using the tools of synthetic biology, scientists from the J. Craig Venter Institute installed a completely artificial genome inside a host cell without DNA. Like the bolt of lightening that awakened Frankenstein, the new genome invigorated the host cell, which began to grow and reproduce, albeit with a few problems." https://lnkd.in/e9ZJKP5 View in LinkedIn

POESIS. "It's not genesis, it's not as if mice are coming from a pile of dirty rags in a corner...The correct word is poesis, human construction." http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/synthetic-genome-cell/ View in LinkedIn

WORKING IN THE DARK. "Even Venter acknowledges that syn3.0’s genome, although new, was designed by trial and error, rather than being based on a fundamental understanding of how to build a functioning genome." http://www.nature.com/news/minimal-cell-raises-stakes-in-race-to-harness-synthetic-life-1.19633 View in LinkedIn