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THE REPORT. "The commission convened a series of meetings, then issued a report in December 2010 titled "New Directions: The Ethics of Synthetic Biology and Emerging Technologies." https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synthetic_biology View in LinkedIn

BIOETHICAL CONCERNS. "After the publication of the first synthetic genome by Craig Venter's group and the accompanying media coverage about "life" being created, President Obama requested the Presidential Commission for the Study of Bioethical Issues to study synthetic biology." https://lnkd.in/dQ84mU3 View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS yet another example of old wisdom from other cultures being not transmitted, and thus being lost; however, curious scientists have dug up obscure publications and completed rigorous validation and mechanistic investigations into these plant phenomena. However, the translation from bench to field, is probably still a very long way away. View in LinkedIn

THE GREEN HOPE. "It is possible that chemical plant growth regulators or chemical plant growth retardants, which are frequently used in horticulture, can be replaced by an appropriate mechanical stress, that is an environment-friendly treatment." https://lnkd.in/dDuN9mZ View in LinkedIn

GENETIC ASSUMPTION. "The emergence of the flowering plants within the plant kingdom, or mammalian vertebrates, must surely have been marked by recognizable changes in the genome." https://lnkd.in/eNHFjJ8 View in LinkedIn

CONSERVED REGULATOR. "Given that the Paf1 complex is conserved across kingdoms and because animals also alter their body plan in response to repeated mechanical stresses, these findings also raise the possibility of a common mechanism for recording multiple mechanical deformations and translating them into developmental changes." https://lnkd.in/dv9swtZ View in LinkedIn

GENETIC TINKERING. "François Jacob famously stated that nature is but a “tinkerer” of already available protein hardware, advocating the importance of duplications in gene emergence." https://lnkd.in/e3rTkFh View in LinkedIn

PURGING NOVELTY. "Any random sequence generated by chance must end up as a stable polypeptide with a function accessible by selection or end up being purged from the genome by neutral mutational processes." Here is the great scrapheap of nature's genetic experiments. https://lnkd.in/e3rTkFh View in LinkedIn

IMPROBABILITY OF NOVELTY. "The evolution of an entirely new gene without any functional progenitor has been regarded as an exceedingly rare and improbable event. Considering the vast number of possible protein species and the rather limited number of configurations found in biological systems, this notion might seem to make sense." https://lnkd.in/e3rTkFh View in LinkedIn

GENERATION OF NOVELTY. "For many years, it had been considered extremely unlikely, if not impossible, that genes with no detectable homology could emerge. With the availability of the full genomic sequence of yeast, however, this picture changed. About one third of the entire set of genes in baker's yeast has no sequence similarity to genes from other organisms." (So-called orphan genes). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952515000347 View in LinkedIn