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DYNAMIC PROCESS. "While gene family evolution is pervasive, it may be especially important in our own evolution since it appears that the "revolving door" of gene duplication and loss has undergone multiple accelerations in the lineage leading to humans." http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19153999 View in LinkedIn

MULTILEVEL CONTEXTUAL CONTROL. "Every gene with a phenotypic impact is flanked by regulatory sequences that, in conjunction with the expression and activity of proteins encoded elsewhere, regulate when expression occurs, at what level, under what environmental conditions, and in which cells or tissues." https://lnkd.in/dTi6Znf View in LinkedIn

DRIVERS OF TURNOVER. "One of the unique insights provided by the growing number of fully sequenced genomes is the pervasiveness of gene duplication and gene loss." https://lnkd.in/dMJvzp7 View in LinkedIn

COORDINATION IS CRITICAL. "A gene embedded in random DNA is inert. In the absence of sequence motifs and proteins capable of directing transcription, the protein it encodes will remain invisible to selection." https://lnkd.in/dTi6Znf View in LinkedIn

GENE TURNOVER. "The birth and death of genes is central to adaptive evolution, yet the underlying genome dynamics remain elusive." https://lnkd.in/d-Wf9Jd View in LinkedIn

NON-CODING TRANSCRIPTION. "Emerging evidence suggests that genomes transcribe a much larger repertoire of non-coding compared to protein-coding RNAs, a phenomenon that is more elaborate in complex organisms. Additionally, the number and types of known functional non-coding RNAs, short or long in size, has been significantly expanded, as these may be involved in cis or trans regulation of genes located in their vicinity or at distant loci." https://lnkd.in/ef6MAfH View in LinkedIn

RARE EVENTS. "Keefe and Szostak derived ATP-binding proteins from 80 amino acid random sequences using high-diversity mRNA display (6 × 10(12) variants)...In their selection, an estimated frequency of 1 in 10(11) random sequence proteins was able to bind ATP. Interestingly, the selected proteins showed no significant homology with biological ATP-binding motifs suggesting that there are novel folds not sampled by nature for this specific purpose." https://lnkd.in/e3rTkFh View in LinkedIn

PEER INTERACTIONS. "De novo genes were found to interact preferentially, but not exclusively, with genes of the same age. Most likely, de novo genes do not acquire catalytic functions, suggesting that they serve primarily regulatory functions in their networks." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952515000347 View in LinkedIn

PROTEIN VARIANT SELECTION. "It has been proposed that protein promiscuity (i.e., non-specific interaction) provides the basis for novel protein–protein interactions. Once established, natural selection will favor beneficial protein–protein interactions and incorporate changes stabilizing them." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952515000347 View in LinkedIn

SECOND LEVEL. "The integration of de novo genes into protein–protein interaction networks is significantly slower." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168952515000347 View in LinkedIn