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DOMINANT PURIFYING SELECTION. "We show that purifying selection against TEs is the dominant force throughout the evolutionary history of Nematoda, as indicated by reconstructed ancestral TE loads, and that strong stochastic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes are the underlying models which best explain TE diversification among extant species." (TE = transposable elements). https://lnkd.in/drMDPh6 View in LinkedIn

“THE STAGGERING evolutionary success of TEs in eukaryotes is often attributed to their ability to out replicate the host genomes in which they reside, as opposed to any selective advantage that they might provide to their hosts.” (TE = transposable elements). https://lnkd.in/dwuaM5f View in LinkedIn

FAST-TRACK PREFERENCE. "A significant positive correlation was detected between the content of TEs and evolutionary rate of lincRNAs indicating that inserted TEs are preferentially fixed in fast-evolving lincRNA genes." (TE = transposable elements; LincRNA= long intergenic non-coding RNA). https://lnkd.in/dwuaM5f View in LinkedIn

PREDOMINANCE IN PARALLEL UNIVERSE. "The content of TES in lincRNA genes is substantially higher than that in protein-coding genes, especially in exons and promoter regions." (TE = transposable elements; LincRNA= long intergenic non-coding RNA). https://lnkd.in/dwuaM5f View in LinkedIn

GENESIS. "Higher frequencies of ancient TEs in promoters and exons compared to introns implies that many lincRNA genes emerged before the split of primates and rodents." (TE = transposable elements; LincRNA= long intergenic non-coding RNA). https://lnkd.in/dwuaM5f View in LinkedIn

DISTRIBUTION OF VIRAL FOSSILS. "Introns of lincRNA genes contain the highest percentage of TE-derived sequences (TES), followed by exons and then promoter regions although the density of TEs is not significantly different between exons and promoters." (TE = transposable elements; LincRNA= long intergenic non-coding RNA). https://lnkd.in/dwuaM5f View in LinkedIn

MUTUALISTIC SYMBIOSIS. "In the best known relationship between ants and aphids, ants eat the sugar-rich honeydew excreted by the aphids and, in return, provide them with protection and hygienic services. This kind of interaction is termed trophobiosis and is considered to be mutualistic." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/4/1101.full View in LinkedIn

BROAD SPECTRUM. "Understanding the evolutionary transition from interspecific exploitation to cooperation is a major challenge in evolutionary biology. Ant–aphid relationships represent an ideal system to this end because they encompass a coevolutionary continuum of interactions ranging from mutualism to antagonism." https://lnkd.in/d9truvs View in LinkedIn

VIDEO of ants extracting honeydew from aphids by hypnotically stroking the aphids with their antenna to induce the cooperative behavior of secreting a drop of honeydew from their abdomen. https://lnkd.in/dbca4rV View in LinkedIn

PASSING. "Antennation is involved in many aspects of ant social life such as kin recognition, brood discrimination, and enemy specification whereas licking is a grooming behavior performed by ants on their larvae and other nest mates. The occurrence of a set of distinctive behaviors typical of ant-larvae care, including antennation, transportation to the brood chamber, and licking, along with their high adoption rate, strongly suggests that the flat morph is successfully mimicking ant larvae." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/4/1101.full View in LinkedIn