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FUNCTIONAL DOMAINS. “Johnson and Guigo (2014) have proposed that exonic TES comprise functional domains of lncRNAs that they dubbed repeat insertion domains of LncRNAs (RIDLs).” (TES = TE-derived sequences). https://lnkd.in/dwuaM5f View in LinkedIn

UNIT OF SELECTION. “A realization of recent years is that mutant swarms are not mere collections of mutants ranked by a mutation-selection balance that act independently of each other. Rather, very often the mutant ensemble acts as a unit of selection due to interactions among its members.” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042682215001580 View in LinkedIn

PEPTIDE PRODUCTION. “It is extremely hard to rule out such a role for a fraction of purported lincRNAs.” (lincRNA = long intergenic non-coding RNA). https://lnkd.in/dwuaM5f View in LinkedIn

DRIVING FACTORS. “Formation of mutant spectra with an abundance of single point mutants (and gradually decreasing proportions of double, triple and multiple mutants) is a necessary consequence of the mutation rate-genome size relationship.” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042682215001580 View in LinkedIn

PEPTIDE DEBATE. “The possibility that some lincRNA genes encode short peptides that are translated, perhaps in a tissue-specific manner, is the subject of an ongoing debate.” (lincRNA = long intergenic non-coding RNA). https://lnkd.in/dwuaM5f View in LinkedIn

MUTANT SWARMS. “Two key parameters that explain the biological relevance of the rapid formation of mutant swarms during viral replication are the rate at which mutations are introduced during RNA genome copying, and the genome size.” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042682215001580 View in LinkedIn

CHIMERIC GENES. “More interestingly, MULE-derived putative genes tended to arise from multiple parental sequences, which could potentially form novel chimeric gene structures. This is consistent with our previous discovery that the formation of chimeric ORFs is the general mode of new gene origination in Oryza species.” (MULEs = Mutator-like transposable elements; ORF = open reading frame; Oryza = crop plants). http://genomebiology.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13059-016-0954-8 View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this first weekend on viruses. These enigmatic and talented creatures have been maligned by biologists who either have only focused on their disease roles, or who have stubbornly refused to drop a Victorian mindset that assumed that they are not alive. Alive they are, in an extreme version of outsourcing. And causing diseases is a minor part of the full spectrum of these creatures. Undoing these two biases is underway but may take decades more to sink into the general consciousness. View in LinkedIn

VERTICAL TREES MISS RELATIONSHIPS. "Phylogenetic trees, however, cannot capture horizontal, or reticulate, events, which occur when distinct clades merge together to form a new hybrid lineage." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/46/18566.full View in LinkedIn

VERTICAL VS HORIZONTAL EVOLUTION. "Evolution is mediated not only by random mutations over a number of generations (vertical evolution), but also through the mixture of genomic material between individuals of different lineages (horizontal evolution)." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/46/18566.full View in LinkedIn