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VIRAL JUMPING GENES to miRNAs. "Origin and Evolution of Human microRNAs From Transposable Elements. We found 55 experimentally characterized human miRNA genes that are derived from TEs, and these TE-derived miRNAs have the potential to regulate thousands of human genes. In addition to the known human miRNAs that we show to be derived from TE sequences, we predict an additional 85 novel TE-derived miRNA genes." (TE = transposable elements). http://www.genetics.org/content/176/2/1323 View in LinkedIn

DYNAMIC INPUT. "We know that epigenetic markings silence or increase the various outcomes of genetic information: a good example is the phenotype of brain organs and their synaptic neuronal networks. This means a single genotype may have several reading patterns which result in slightly different phenotypes." https://lnkd.in/eg6uePF View in LinkedIn

FUNCTIONALITY. "However, if some TEs are in fact functionally relevant to their hosts, as we have shown here for the case of TE-derived miRNAs, then their divergence may have important evolutionary implications." (TE = transposable elements). http://www.genetics.org/content/176/2/1323 View in LinkedIn

"EPIGENETICS is an effective tool for expanding the informational content of a given nucleotide sequence with multiple meanings/functions representing experiences in historical contexts in real-life worlds." https://lnkd.in/eg6uePF View in LinkedIn

TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENT DRIVERS. "In terms of evolution, this means that the greatest differences between eukaryotic genomes will correspond to TE sequences. In this sense, TEs can be considered as drivers of genome diversification. This may be uninteresting if TEs serve only to replicate themselves and do not play any role for their host genomes as the selfish DNA theory of TEs holds." (TE = transposable elements). http://www.genetics.org/content/176/2/1323 View in LinkedIn

GEMOME AND EPIGENETICS. "The genotype contains the whole blueprint for the phenotype. The interesting thing is that the variety of parts that constitute the phenotype throughout its developmental stages as well as its regulation is coded in the genotype together with epigenetic markings." https://lnkd.in/eg6uePF View in LinkedIn

ADAPTATIONS AND DISEASE. "Accumulating evidence indicates that gene regulatory changes often contribute to species-specific adaptations as well as to within-species variation in complex phenotypes, such as interindividual variation in susceptibility to disease." https://lnkd.in/dFv6Tsi View in LinkedIn

RNA REGULATORY GENES. "The percentage of coding for such proteins in the human 3 billion base pairs is only 1.5%, however. All the other DNA contains non-coding RNAs (up to 45%) and non-coding areas with unknown functions (55%) which I suggest represent non-coding RNAs of regulatory functions. This means in all organisms we can find the genotype and the encoded phenotype." https://lnkd.in/eg6uePF View in LinkedIn

NONCODING RNAs. "Their work provides circumstantial evidence that small non-coding RNAs called microRNAs (miRNAs)—small molecules that consist of about 22 nucleotides—are a major causal factor for structural change and increasing complexity among organisms." https://lnkd.in/eNHFjJ8 View in LinkedIn

COMPLEXITY AND MICRO-RNAs. "It has been suggested that newly activated miRNAs may be part of general mechanism by which speciation occurs and that acquisition of miRNA genes apparently speed up with evolution of organismal complexity." (miRNA = microRNA). http://bmcgenomics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2164-13-718 View in LinkedIn