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THIRD GENOMIC EVOLUTION DRIVERS "are other non-coding regions of the genome that make up the so-called cis-regulatory network, which controls the production of mRNA and thereby of proteins according to factors such as cell type or environmental conditions." https://lnkd.in/eNHFjJ8 View in LinkedIn

PROXIMITY. "Localized transmission often favours more prudent host exploitation strategies. Indeed, when epidemics are spatially structured, extreme strategies of host exploitation may lead to the over-exploitation of the local host supply and therefore fail to invade." https://lnkd.in/dvcWSUt View in LinkedIn

SECOND GENOMIC EVOLUTION DRIVERS "are miRNAs, which regulate the activity of messenger RNAs (mRNA) after transcription." https://lnkd.in/eNHFjJ8 View in LinkedIn

LIFE CYCLE OF INFECTION. "We recently tested this idea using the bacteriophage λ in experimental epidemics spreading through well-mixed environments. We confirmed that more virulent strains are indeed selected for during early epidemics, when uninfected hosts are abundant, but also that natural selection favours latent strains of the virus as disease prevalence increases." https://lnkd.in/dvcWSUt View in LinkedIn

FIRST GENOMIC EVOLUTION DRIVER. "Three crucial drivers of genomic evolution. The first drivers are protein-encoding genes themselves—which Berjerano described as the ‘big beasts' of evolution—around which the rest of the genome revolves." https://lnkd.in/eNHFjJ8 View in LinkedIn

NATURAL BRAKES. "Decreased availability of susceptible hosts weakens selection for higher transmission rates. Ultimately, this may select for intermediate evolutionarily stable strategies, balancing the benefit (transmission) and the cost (virulence: induced host mortality) of host exploitation." https://lnkd.in/dvcWSUt View in LinkedIn

MICRO-RNAs AND COMPLEXITY. "In the evolutionary context, it is noteworthy that expansions of miRNAs seem to be associated with body-plan innovations and other phenotypic changes in bilaterians and vertebrates. They may therefore have significantly contributed to phenotypic evolution in animals." https://lnkd.in/dDg9xVY View in LinkedIn

SOFTER GENTLER STRATEGY. "First, epidemic spread reduces the density of susceptible hosts and can feed back on the selective pressure that favours intermediate exploitation strategies." https://lnkd.in/dvcWSUt View in LinkedIn

GROW SLOWER AND PERSIST. "Because pathogens compete for a common resource (the host population), the same process may select for extreme exploitation strategies. Yet, two main ecological factors can alter this evolutionary outcome and promote the evolution of less aggressive exploitation strategies." https://lnkd.in/dvcWSUt View in LinkedIn

BOOM AND BUST. "When individuals compete for a common resource natural selection often favours more aggressive exploitation strategies. This may lead to resource exhaustion and, consequently, to population extinction, a process known as the 'tragedy of the commons'." https://lnkd.in/dvcWSUt View in LinkedIn