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DISTINCT STRUCTURES AND PROCESSES. "However, in plants, clonal growth and selfing result from entirely different structures and processes, and the selective forces responsible for their respective origins and maintenance are quite distinct." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/29/8859.full View in LinkedIn

DISTINCTION. "Because clonal growth does not involve sexual reproduction, botanists make a clear distinction between predominant self-fertilization and clonal reproduction, a separation that is not as evident in the literature involving some other groups: e.g., fungi and parasitic protozoa. Both forms of uniparental reproduction limit recombination and can result in similar signatures of population genetic structure." http://www.pnas.org/content/112/29/8859.full View in LinkedIn

UNIT OF SELECTION. "This perspective has merit because it identifies the appropriate unit of selection—the clonal genotype—and has led to a focus on the developmental mechanisms and patterns of growth that produce clonal offspring." https://lnkd.in/dWczCFf View in LinkedIn

CLONAL GROWTH. "Vegetative reproduction involves the production of genetically identical individuals capable of independent existence and reproduction as a result of plant growth. Indeed, following Harper, many botanists prefer the term “clonal growth” and deliberately avoid using the terms “vegetative or clonal reproduction”. To quote Harper (ref. 12, p. 27), “clones are formed by growth—not reproduction.” https://lnkd.in/dWczCFf View in LinkedIn

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION involves only one parent, and mitosis gives identical clones, with 100% the same genes in the offspring as in the parent. It is the simplest method of reproduction, takes little energy, and is best under conditions of abundance. In contrast, sexual reproduction generates genetic variation, takes time in mating, and is well suited in unstable environmental conditions. View in LinkedIn

VERY DIVERSE. “In vertebrates, sex-determining mechanisms range from environmental to simple or complex genetic mechanisms and different mechanisms have evolved repeatedly and independently.” https://lnkd.in/dSwmRPP View in LinkedIn

EMBELLISHMENTS ADD FUNCTIONALITY. "In addition to varied sizes, an amazing diversity of loop and domain embellishments to the basic HK97-fold increase its functionality and often provide alternate ways to stabilize the assembled particles. Particles containing subunits with the HK97-fold will undoubtedly continue to be discovered with other variations for accomplishing folding, assembly, and capsid stabilization." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042682215001920 View in LinkedIn

Missing reference: https://lnkd.in/dXvJFtt View in LinkedIn

SIZE AND FUNCTION OF CAPSID. "The capsid size has likely evolved to accommodate the size of the material to be packaged as T. maritima encapsulins package small ferritin-like proteins inside a particle with an inner volume of 4.18×10(6) Å3 while Phage G requires a much larger capsid (inner volume=1.87×10(9) Å3) to package its 670 kb chromosome." https://lnkd.in/dXvJFtt View in LinkedIn

STRUCTURE ACROSS KINGDOMS. "The majority of capsids using the HK97-fold are of viruses infecting bacteria (bacteriophage or phage). However, this fold is also found in the coat protein floor domain of eukaryotic Herpesvirdae, including Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV), pseudorabies virus (PRV), and rhesus monkey rhadinovirus (RRV), as well as the archaeal Haloarcula sinaiiensis tailed virus 1 (HSTV-1)." View in LinkedIn