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GENE ACCUMULATION. "The Y chromosome is thus expected to accumulate genes beneficial for male functions, confining them to males, and male attractiveness genes in guppies are indeed often partially Y-linked. Once such genes have accumulated, there is a selective advantage to suppressing crossing over between them and the sex-determining regions of the proto-sex chromosomes." http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v95/n2/full/6800697a.html View in LinkedIn

IMPORTANT DISTINCTION. “However, there are differences in the roles of hormones in plants and animals. For example, in animals, tissue morphogenesis often occurs through defined and invasive cell migration, whereas plant cells are immobilized due to rigid cell walls and thus have to rely on mobile signals to trigger comparable tissue reprogramming. In general, the synthesis of hormones in plants is not restricted to a particular, specialized tissue. Moreover, there is also extensive crosstalk between different hormonal and other signaling pathways that ultimately determine physiological outcomes.” http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009286740900258X View in LinkedIn

CROSSOVER ZONES. "Many sex chromosome pairs have suppressed recombination extending over much of the Y, except for a small 'pseudoautosomal' region or regions (PAR) to which pairing and recombination are restricted. Since one crossover per chromosome arm is often required for disjunction, crossover rates are likely to be extremely high in these regions." http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v95/n2/full/6800697a.html View in LinkedIn

CELL MIGRATION. “What mostly distinguishes animals from plants during development is motility and migration of cells. An example of migrating cells is a population of neural crest cells seen in all the vertebrates, which emigrate from the neural tube during early development.” https://lnkd.in/gVFjvM2 View in LinkedIn

TWO GENETIC STREAMS. "It is often stated that sex chromosome evolution starts when one member of a chromosome pair acquires a sex-determination function, but this leaves out an important part of the evolution of genetic sex determination: two separate mutations, in order to produce genetically distinct females and males." http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v95/n2/full/6800697a.html View in LinkedIn

MITOSIS DIFFERENCES exist between plants and animals. https://lnkd.in/gtXb3Gu View in LinkedIn

"A FEMALE SUPPRESSOR can evolve in a gynodioecious population, despite lowering the reproductive fitness of females, provided that its allele on the proto-Y is linked to the locus causing male sterility in females, which defines a proto-X chromosome." http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v95/n2/full/6800697a.html View in LinkedIn

DNA REPLICATION. “Many plant cells also can continue DNA replication in the absence of mitosis, a process known as endoreduplication, causing polyploidy. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms that regulate cell division and endoreduplication and we discuss our understanding, albeit very limited, on how the cell cycle is integrated with plant development.” https://lnkd.in/gMU_Jac View in LinkedIn

SEPARATE EVOLUTION. "Plant or animal sex chromosomes that evolved recently from any of these ancestral states should contain a region with a cluster of sex-determining genes that are closely enough linked to allow separate sexes to evolve." https://lnkd.in/gCh5RAX View in LinkedIn

PLANT STATUS. "The most common ancestral state in plants is probably hermaphroditism, although dioecy can also evolve from monoecy (with developmentally well differentiated male and female flowers already having evolved)." http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v95/n2/full/6800697a.html View in LinkedIn