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GENETIC SEX WAR. "The evolutionary fuel driving the loss of recombination between nascent sex chromosomes is provided by sexually antagonistic mutations, that is, mutations that benefit one sex but are harmful to the other." Mull on that one. http://www.pnas.org/content/110/16/6453.full View in LinkedIn

THE VAST UNKNOWN. "Recombination suppression and differentiation are generally viewed as the default path of sex chromosome evolution, and the occurrence of old, homomorphic sex chromosomes, such as those of ratite birds, has remained a mystery." https://lnkd.in/g9djQYs View in LinkedIn

ANTI-RECOMBINATION DRIVES SEX CHROMOSOMES. "The accumulation of sexually antagonistic mutations on protosex chromosomes selects for a loss of recombination and sets in motion the evolutionary processes generating heteromorphic sex chromosomes." http://www.pnas.org/content/110/16/6453.full View in LinkedIn

TRANSFORMATION. "Sex chromosomes originate from autosomes." https://lnkd.in/g9djQYs View in LinkedIn

BURST OF EVOLUTION. "The presence of genes for male characters on the Y, but not the X, also indirectly suggests that antagonistic selection must have acted. When there has been a recent transposition of an autosomal gene onto the Y chromosome, if sufficient intraspecies variability is available, tests for selection based on comparisons of polymorphism and divergence could be used to ask whether the locus has experienced a burst of adaptive evolution." http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v95/n2/full/6800697a.html View in LinkedIn

RACE TO THE TOP. "If Y-linked genes are incessantly evolving to improve male function and compete with other male genotypes, the changes may drive the evolution of recombination suppression, and thus recombination modifiers may also spread, some of which may themselves be on the Y (for instance, inversions)." http://www.nature.com/hdy/journal/v95/n2/full/6800697a.html View in LinkedIn

"DIOECY (Greek: διοικία "two households"; adjective form: dioecious) is a characteristic of a species, meaning that it has distinct male and female individual organisms or colonies, meaning that a colony contains only either male or female individuals. Dioecious reproduction is biparental reproduction" as opposed to hermaphrodite reproduction." https://lnkd.in/gJcDDvC View in LinkedIn

MOLECULAR COMPETITION. "Alleles can also compete outside the context of organismal evolution via diverse mechanisms of selection at the level of the gene that are collectively called genomic conflict (or selfish, ultraselfish, and parasitic DNA). Genomic conflict frequently leads to reduced fitness at the organismal level." http://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/7/3/a017608.full View in LinkedIn

PLANT REPRODUCTION. "A number of other sex states or breeding systems are found, which may be intermediates during the evolution of full unisexuality or may be stable forms." These include: gynodioecy, androdioecy, trioecy or subdioecy, gynomonoecy, andromonoecy, and trimonoecy. https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

CONDITIONS OF COMPETITION. "If the competition is mediated by Mendelian segregation followed by (1) differences in the Darwinian fitness (i.e., survival and fecundity) that each allele produces in offspring, (2) random sampling (genetic drift), and/or (3) differences in the alleles’ mutation or migration rates, then no genetic conflict exists and only canonical evolution at the organismal level occurs." http://cshperspectives.cshlp.org/content/7/3/a017608.full View in LinkedIn