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SEXUAL SELECTION. Darwin "proposed that sexual selection resulting from variation among individuals in mating success could explain the evolution of sexual dimorphism, and distinguished two fundamentally different types: intrasexual competition among individuals of one sex for mates, and intersexual selection or ‘mate choice’ resulting from the preferences of one sex for traits of the other." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

HYBRID SYMBIONTS. “These interactions may ultimately lead to the occurrence of new, more virulent variants, or even to the emergence of new diseases due to the combination of synergistic/antagonist phenomena between different pathogens and non-pathogens (fungal, bacterial, or viral) in mixed or reconstructed communities.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETIC TRAP. "Inherited epigenetic variation could also be maladaptive, becoming an epigenetic trap. This is because environmental sex determination can alter sex ratios by increasing the survival of one of the sexes at the expense of negative fitness consequences for the other, which could lead not only to the collapse of natural populations, but also have an impact in farmed animal and plant species."" "DOI: 10.1002/bies.201600058 View in LinkedIn

COLLABORATING PARTIES. “Pioneering studies have recently generated insights into interactions occurring within the pathogen-host-microbiome “ménage à trois” but in-depth analyses are necessary to better understand the impact of selective pressures on the interactions between the three players, which can result in the pathogen acquiring new functions by horizontal gene transfer or convergent evolution.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

TIME. "Our results also show that contrasting forces act on the genomes of dioecious plants, and suggest that some time is required before the genome of such plants bears the footprints of dioecy." https://lnkd.in/gRVz_Qd View in LinkedIn

EXTREMOPHYLE SYMBIOSES. “In extreme environments, such as in geothermal soils in Yellowstone National Park, evolution has selected plants that harbor fungal endophytes infected with a virus, and all three partners are required for thermal tolerance of the system.” https://lnkd.in/gEfVGaC View in LinkedIn

BRANCHED ROAD. "When dioecy evolves from hermaphroditism, females and males are expected to diverge and specialize to their respective unisexual conditions. This is because hermaphroditic plants cannot be simultaneously optimized for both female and male function." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

CONUNDRUM. "Among dioecious flowering plants, females and males often differ in a range of morphological, physiological, and life-history traits. This is referred to as sexual dimorphism, and understanding why it occurs is a central question in evolutionary biology." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

LATEST VERSION. "Sexuality in plants is regulated by genetic, epigenetic and physiological mechanisms. The most specialized mechanism of sex determination is sex chromosomes." https://lnkd.in/g2Bsw9g View in LinkedIn

POROUS BORDER. "Unisexuality in flowering plants evolved from a hermaphrodite ancestor. Transition from hermaphrodite to unisexual flowers has occurred multiple times across the different lineages of the angiosperms." https://lnkd.in/g2Bsw9g View in LinkedIn