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AUXIN AND ZEATIN. "Trans-zeatin, the specific cytokinin responsible for femaleness, accumulates to high levels in female shoot apices, but is undetectable as a free base in male shoot apices (trans-zeatin riboside accumulating instead) whilst auxin levels (IAA) are three to six times higher in male flowers than female flowers." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

HORMONAL APPLICATIONS. "Sex expression in Mercurialis is sensitive to exogenously applied hormones, auxins having a masculinizing effect and cytokinins a feminizing effect." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

HORMONAL TRIGGER. "It is probable that sex in M. annua is brought about by modification of the plant hormone biosynthetic pathways." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

STRESS AND SEX SEPARATION. "Stress conditions and consequent resource limitations, such that hermaphrodites were unable to maintain both sex functions, might favour the separation of the sexes or might magnify the effects of inbreeding depression also favouring sex separation." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

LABILE SEXUAL IDENTITY. "Some plants, whether basically hermaphroditic, monoecious or dioecious, have extremely labile sex systems. These may be a result of an inability to control sex precisely in a complex environment or because lability confers an adaptive advantage." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

ELUSIVE GENE. "The search for the elusive primary sex determining gene will be extremely difficult and will be hampered by the sex differentiation genes acting downstream." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

EXAPTED GENES. "It is likely that sex determining genes may be present in the genomes of hermaphroditic plants, but may have quite different functions in some plants." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

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BLACK BOX. "Efforts to understand the molecular basis of sex determination in dioecious plant species have, to date, not been successful." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn

DIFFICULT IDENTITY. "In dioecious plants cultivated for fruit or seed it is often difficult to identify females at an early stage of growth." https://lnkd.in/gb3zS32 View in LinkedIn