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EXAPTATION OF OLD GENES. “Taken together, the body of data presented here strongly supports that the evolution of an active Y chromosome in Asparagus was mediated by gene duplication and neofuntionalization of a female suppressor and subsequent expansion of the non-recombining sex determination region.” https://lnkd.in/gKA5C8N View in LinkedIn

MTF CONVERSION. “Dioecy has evolved recently within Asparagus and sex chromosomes are cytogenetically identical with the Y, harboring a megabase segment that is missing from the X. We show that deletion of this entire region results in a male-to-female conversion, whereas loss of a single suppressor of female development drives male-to-hermaphrodite conversion.” https://lnkd.in/gKA5C8N View in LinkedIn

SMALL RNA DIFFERENCES. “Comparisons of small RNA abundance between male and female vegetative and reproductive tissues in garden asparagus show differential sRNA patterns between sexes, but none of the genes within the non-recombining region of the Y exhibit evidence of post-transcriptional regulation involving sRNAs.” https://lnkd.in/gKA5C8N View in LinkedIn

16,000 scientists sign dire warning to humanity http://www.cnn.com/2017/11/14/health/scientists-warn-humanity/index.html View in LinkedIn

SMALL RNA REPRESSION. “Several recent studies have identified sex chromosome genes with floral function, including a sex-linked small RNA-producing gene that ultimately represses anther development in diecious persimmon.” https://lnkd.in/gKA5C8N View in LinkedIn

ANTHER AND STYLAR REPRESSION. “In XX females, anther development ceases before pollen microsoporogenesis occurs and is marked by a degeneration of the tapetal layer. In males, the stylar tube and receptive stigma fail to fully form, resulting in a functionally male flower.” https://lnkd.in/gKA5C8N View in LinkedIn

LESS THAN ONE PERCENT. “Due to sampling and cultivation challenges, genome-level viral diversity remains poorly described and grossly understudied in nature such that

GIANT GENETIC RESERVOIR. “Every second, approximately 10(23) viral infections occur in the ocean. These infections are a major source of mortality, and cause disease in a range of organisms, from shrimp to whales. As a result, viruses influence the composition of marine communities and are a major force behind biogeochemical cycles.“ https://lnkd.in/gPgnbG9 View in LinkedIn

BRAND NEW CHAPTER. “Although fifteen years have passed since the first viral metagenome was sequenced from an ocean sample, the experimental and bioinformatic methods used for viral metagenomics have not reached a consensus.” Oceans have been found to be stuffed with viruses. https://lnkd.in/g35Hmrp View in LinkedIn

DAMNED BY VAIN PRAISE. “The advent of metagenomics using high-throughput sequencing has revolutionized not only the rate of virus discovery, but also the nature of the discoveries. For example, the viral ecology and etiology of many human diseases are being characterized, non-pathogenic viral commensals are ubiquitous, and the description of environmental viromes is making progress.” https://lnkd.in/g35Hmrp View in LinkedIn