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SPECIAL CASE. "Alleles of sex-linked genes can spread though dioecious populations even when the deleterious effects to one sex outweigh the benefits to the other." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

SEX CHROMOSOMES AND TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS. "TE insertions may therefore accumulate in non-recombining Y chromosome regions, or the loss of gene functions in these regions (see below) may reduce selection against such insertions." (TE = transposable elements). https://lnkd.in/exrSaeb View in LinkedIn

SELECTIVE LOCATION. "Rice (1984) used a genetic model to investigate the relationship between sexual dimorphism and sex chromosomes, and predicted that genes with sexually antagonistic effects should be disproportionately located on sex chromosomes." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

ACCUMULATION OF JUMPING GENES. "A reduced effective population size not only allows deleterious substitutions to occur, it also allows accumulation of transposable element (TE) insertions, which are mostly deleterious." https://lnkd.in/exrSaeb View in LinkedIn

ANTAGONISTIC EVOLUTION. "Sex-linked genes with sexually antagonistic effects play an important role in theoretical models of plant sex chromosome evolution by causing selection against recombination between loci on newly evolving sex chromosomes." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

"THE TRANSITION TO DIOECY has been associated with the evolution of sex chromosomes in some dioecious plant species, and theory suggests that they can facilitate the evolution of sexual dimorphism." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

RECENT UNISEXUALITY IN PLANTS. "Much of the genetic variation available for the evolution of sexual dimorphism is likely to have been initially shared by the sexes after the establishment of dioecy, and the recent origins of unisexuality in some lineages may mean that there has not been sufficient time for selection to break down intersexual genetic correlations." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

TRAIT DIVERGENCE. "When dioecy evolves from hermaphroditism and the sexes are initially monomorphic with respect to homologous characters, intersexual genetic correlations should be quite strong and could interfere with female and male trait divergence." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

RECENT EVENT. "The typically weaker sexual dimorphism in plants than animals may also be explained by the recent evolutionary origins of dioecy in most lineages." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn

PLANT DIMORPHISM. "The extent to which mate choice operates in plants also warrants special consideration because of the indirect ways in which plants reproduce as a consequence of their immobility. Indeed, the indirect nature of plant sexual interactions may be part of the explanation for why most plants show less extreme sexual dimorphism than animals." https://lnkd.in/ge7JD6J View in LinkedIn