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VULNERABILITIES. "Dioecious species may be especially vulnerable to climate change given that they often exhibit spatial segregation of the sexes, reinforced by physiological and morphological specialization of each sex to different microhabitats. In dimorphic species, the overexpression of a trait by one gender versus the other may become suppressed in future climates." https://lnkd.in/e_imfDq View in LinkedIn

BRYOPHYTE REPRODUCTION. "Roughly half of the species of bryophytes have separate sexes (dioecious) and half are hermaphroditic (monoecious). This variation has major consequences for the ecology and evolution of the different species." https://lnkd.in/e45yqVZ View in LinkedIn

US military agency invests $100m in genetic extinction technologies. Super-bad idea. View in LinkedIn

OPTIONS. "Contrasting with separate-sexed animals, simultaneous hermaphrodites display unique reproductive strategies as they are male and female at the same time. Simultaneous hermaphrodites that copulate unilaterally, for instance, make a decision to mate as a male or female." https://lnkd.in/eUYgBrA View in LinkedIn

SELFING AND OUTCROSSING. "Classical theory on mating system evolution suggests that simultaneous hermaphrodites should either outcross if they have high inbreeding depression (ID) or self-fertilize if they have low ID. However, a mixture of selfing and outcrossing persists in many species." https://lnkd.in/ehVZ44Z View in LinkedIn

DARWINIAN ADAPTATION. "Sex allocation theory is considered as a touchstone of evolutionary biology, providing some of the best supported examples for Darwinian adaptation." https://lnkd.in/eP698dz View in LinkedIn

Catalonia elections prompt crackdown on colour yellow? As campaigning for Catalonia's regional election begins, yellow lights and even yellow fountains are not allowed. https://lnkd.in/dyXQpU4 View in LinkedIn

CASE STUDY 1. HERMAPHRODITE MANGROVE FISH follows. This case study investigates a fish with considerable reproductive flexibility, leading to a deeper understanding of the cost tradeoffs of each choice. View in LinkedIn

MANGROVE FISH FEMALE COSTS. "We suspect that the cost of maintaining ovarian tissue is a key factor underlying the transition between hermaphrodite and secondary male. We predict that when the benefit of possessing ovarian tissue is reduced by energetic demand (resource limitation, competition) or when age/senescence increases the costs of maintaining ovarian tissue, transitioning into male should be favored." https://lnkd.in/dfG4sX2 View in LinkedIn

"PLASTIC SEX allocation in response to variable resources represents a flexible allocation strategy for coping with environmental heterogeneity, and can evolve by natural selection given genetic variation for plasticity." https://lnkd.in/dPykU22 View in LinkedIn