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EXTINCTION AND SPECIATION. "In clades with a large number of dioecious species, Vamosi and Vamosi found a higher extinction rate as well as a lower speciation rate than in their non-dioecious sister clades, a difference that may be explained by the strong sexual dimorphism displayed by dioecious species." https://lnkd.in/e8CyHKf View in LinkedIn

WONDROUS QUESTIONS. “How will viruses redraw who we are? What might a new human look like? How might they construct their societies, their culture, their art? What would it mean to be human? For viruses, the long march goes on.” https://lnkd.in/guhpmyR View in LinkedIn

DIOECIOUS ANGIOSPERMS. "The transition from monoecy to dioecy in plants is an important event in the evolution of angiosperms, with dioecious species occurring in half of all plant families but representing only 6–7% of all species." Angiosperm success as a group is remarkable. https://lnkd.in/e8CyHKf View in LinkedIn

NEW HUMANS. “It is clear that viruses have had a major impact on the origin, evolution, and diversification of all life on this planet including the primates and including the hominids and therefore it is not difficult to propose that this phenomena could continue and could lead to the creation of a new lineage of humans, a new species of humans.” https://lnkd.in/guhpmyR View in LinkedIn

AVOIDANCE OF INBREEDING. "Among the sexual strategies to avoid inbreeding in flowering plants, sexual dimorphism promotes the evolution of dioecy." https://lnkd.in/e8CyHKf View in LinkedIn

INCOMPLETE JOURNEY. “Viruses have clearly shaped our basic blueprint and are not through with us yet. Viruses are attempting to modify our species in a way that could lead to new human beings.” https://lnkd.in/guhpmyR View in LinkedIn

ECONOMICALLY DRIVEN. "To maximize reproductive success and reduce the costs of reproduction, a number of animal species have evolved a flexible sexual strategy, functional sex change, which is the morphological, physiological, neural and behavioral transition from one sex to the other." https://lnkd.in/dfG4sX2 View in LinkedIn

DIFFERENTIAL COSTS. "The trade-off between reproduction and survival is mediated, in part, by the costs (e.g. energetic, oxidative stress, behavioral) that individuals pay to reproduce. These costs are not equal among individuals and can vary significantly between sexes." https://lnkd.in/dfG4sX2 View in LinkedIn

FEMALE COSTS. "It is well established that maintaining ovarian tissue is energetically expensive whereas maintaining testicular tissue is relatively inexpensive. Maintaining ovarian tissue has negative impacts on individual survival, growth, immunocompetence and future reproductive efforts." https://lnkd.in/dfG4sX2 View in LinkedIn

FITNESS COST. "Sex change is theorized to have evolved as a strategy for coping with sex-specific costs of reproduction. Selection should favor transitioning between sexes when fitness payoffs of the current sex are outweighed by the fitness payoffs of the opposite sex." https://lnkd.in/dfG4sX2 View in LinkedIn