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LATE DEVELOPMENT. "Unlike in most animals, where the germline is set aside early in embryogenesis, the plant germline is determined only late in development, during floral organ formation." A critical distinction. http://dev.biologists.org/content/develop/142/2/229.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

PLANT REPRODUCTION. "Flowering plants display a variety of sexual systems, ranging from complete cosexuality (hermaphroditism) to separate-sexed individuals (dioecy). While dioecy is relatively rare, it has evolved many times and is present in many plant families." https://lnkd.in/e-bMaHt View in LinkedIn

DOWNSIZING GAMETOGENESIS. "During the course of evolution, the gametophytic phase of the plant life cycle, which is dominant in bryophytes (i.e. liverworts, hornworts and mosses), has been dramatically reduced to only a few cells in the angiosperms (flowering plants)." https://lnkd.in/ewV3vWP View in LinkedIn

"LOGIC is not a substitute for data; and substantial data are lacking for many aspects of polyploid evolution." https://lnkd.in/eee56_B View in LinkedIn

SPOROGENESIS IN PLANTS. "The formation of the plant reproductive lineages proceeds in two distinct phases: during sporogenesis, spores are formed by sporophytic (somatic) cells, whereas during gametogenesis the spores develop into mature gametophytes that harbour the male or female gametes." https://lnkd.in/ewV3vWP View in LinkedIn

STRESS TOLERANCE. "Allopolyploids may also endure environmental change better than autopolyploids, because the former may marshal more genetic resources through genome reorganization and greater flexibility in gene expression to cope with immediate stresses." https://lnkd.in/eee56_B View in LinkedIn

PROMISCUOUS HYBRIDS. "When pollinated by facultative apomictic tetraploids, the offspring generated were frequently fertile and highly sexual tetraploid hybrids. This was observed in a fixed setting, but is evidently occurring in nature due to the extensive variability within tetraploid populations that are associated with diploid colonies." http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/Mueller,%20Marissa%20Thesis.pdf View in LinkedIn

FRESH TERRITORIES. "Polyploids with two or more genomes seem especially adept at colonizing habitats which are beyond the tolerances of their progenitors. An establishment advantage might also accrue for allopolyploids when neoautoploids have lower fertilities than neoalloploids." https://lnkd.in/eee56_B View in LinkedIn

CHAOTIC FUSIONS. "Diploids often produce cytologically unreduced female gametes, these unreduced gametes can fuse with normal haploid gametes (pollen) to generate triploid hybrids and, even more rarely, fuse with other unreduced gametes to produce tetraploids (having four copies of a single genome)." http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/Mueller,%20Marissa%20Thesis.pdf View in LinkedIn

DOUBLING AND ERRORS. "Polyploids have been found to be derived from chromosome doubling in somatic cells, or more frequently come from sexual functioning of cytologically unreduced gametes (errors during meiosis)." http://libres.uncg.edu/ir/asu/f/Mueller,%20Marissa%20Thesis.pdf View in LinkedIn