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NEW THINKING. “The concept of scale-free network has emerged as a powerful unifying paradigm in the study of complex systems in biology and in physical and social studies.” https://lnkd.in/eAwn34n View in LinkedIn

TWO STEP HYPOTHESIS 1. "Three hypotheses have been proposed to account for two-step meiosis. The first postulates that two-step meiosis better protects against particular selfish genetic elements that increase their transmission frequencies by sabotaging the meiotic products in which they do not end up (known as ‘sister killers’)." http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/04/28/050831.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

WE CAN CONCEPTUALIZE the universe within as biologists, especially when riding an axis of time. We are abundantly on home turf here: “The protein universe, a concept first mentioned in 1992, is the collection of all proteins of every biological species that lives or has lived on earth.” https://lnkd.in/evmEhB5 View in LinkedIn

DOUBLING AND HALVING. "A particular feature of meiosis is that it starts with a chromosome doubling (2n→ 4n) before meiosis I (4n→2(2n)) and II (2(2n)→4(n)) occur. For ploidy reduction, the initial steps appear superfluous. A simpler single-step cell division (2n→2(n)), without the initial DNA replication phase, could in principle achieve ploidy reduction." http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/04/28/050831.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

EDGE OF NOTHING. “We are cocooned from observing other universes or other dimensions, and there may even be a boundary to the cosmos. But no boundary to the cosmos has been observed. The universe looks evenly distributed with galaxies. As the universe ages, it is continuing to expand, creating new empty space-time between galaxies. What is the universe expanding into? In an infinite universe, it is expanding into nothing. An expanding universe means that any boundary will always be beyond our detection. Only 100 years ago we had no idea that there were other galaxies besides our own.” https://lnkd.in/eZ___f4 View in LinkedIn

A SPECK OF DUST SUSPENDED IN SPACE. Galaxy superclusters complexes in vast cosmic web that looks filamentous, composed of galaxies. https://lnkd.in/eeNGwRH View in LinkedIn

SIMULATION OF COSMIC EVOLUTION during the past 13 billion years. “A universe that is dynamic and complex on all scales of space and time.” https://lnkd.in/eMzuCFa View in LinkedIn

OUR HOME SUPERCLUSTER that includes the Milky Way on its edge, with most galaxies being pulled towards the great gravitational attractor. The cluster of clusters is part of an even more massive aggregate of superclusters, Laniakea (“immeasurable heaven” in Hawaiian). The model of the supercluster looks remarkably and coincidentally like a neural structure with filamentous form. https://lnkd.in/e6JmqHf View in LinkedIn

HOW MANY GALAXIES ARE THERE? 120 billion times ten galaxies, each with a billion stars like our sun, and at least half of those suns have planets orbiting them. The early universe had more galaxies, which merged over time to the present number. And so far, Hubble has only seen 10% of the observable universe. Beyond the observable universe, who knows? https://lnkd.in/eQTzDpi View in LinkedIn

BIG SLITHER OF LIFE. “This vast range exceeds that of the Earth’s mass relative to that of the galaxy (which is ‘only’ 18 orders of magnitude) and is comparable to the mass of an electron relative to that of a cat.” http://jeb.biologists.org/content/jexbio/208/9/1575.full.pdf View in LinkedIn