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THE MICROMETER SCALE. “Further, as we move to the micrometer scale, chemical behavior gives rise to physical and chemical properties which is the realm of organic and biochemistry. In addition, amino acids and their chains give rise to the realm of life and microbiology property.” http://darkmatterenergy.blogspot.com.es/2017/02/emergence-phenomena-between-different.html View in LinkedIn

LIGHT. “As we move to the scale which is the realm of few nanometers to few hundred nanometers, the properties of light at different wavelength take hold, where light of different wavelengths, interact with molecular bonds, exchanging energy in elastic and inelastic absorption and scattering, interacting with and exchanging energy in the different wavelengths with rotation and vibrational energies of the molecules and their interplay with energy bonds, when the electrons in the valence band are shared between two or more atoms of molecules.” http://darkmatterenergy.blogspot.com.es/2017/02/emergence-phenomena-between-different.html View in LinkedIn

DIFFERENT PROPERTIES. “There is also an over lap between the nano scale and the atomic, subatomic and elementary particle scale of a range of about two factors of ten. Plasmon resonance and other properties of the light when interacting with nano material and single layer of carbon called graphene are examples of the overlap and crossover.” http://darkmatterenergy.blogspot.com.es/2017/02/emergence-phenomena-between-different.html View in LinkedIn

THREE LEVELS (at least). “When multiple layers of nano material beyond an angstrom are joined together, nano behavior starts with the disappearance of the quantum behavior. In general, when different atoms bond together to form molecules, the quantum and some aspects of the nano properties disappear to give rise to the behavior that is the discipline of chemistry. In the chemistry domain, molecular bonds are the dominant forces, whereas the properties of the subatomic particles are benign.” https://lnkd.in/dfZFAM5 View in LinkedIn

NO FERTILIZATION. "Many organisms have abandoned canonical sexual reproduction, reproducing asexually by suppressing or modifying meiosis and producing diploid eggs that can develop without fertilisation." http://biorxiv.org/content/biorxiv/early/2016/04/28/050831.full.pdf View in LinkedIn

EMERGENCE has always been considered to be an attribute of higher scale building on the elements of a hierarchically lower scale; meaning, that organisms display emergent properties different from their constituent cells; that swarms are different from individual creatures; but that is the limit of our curiosity on scale. Back to the gumboots and magnifying glasses. View in LinkedIn

UNRESOLVED UNIVERSALITY. "The question of why one order of meiotic divisions is almost universal therefore remains unresolved." https://lnkd.in/e2tp_G5 View in LinkedIn

BLUEPRINT. “This may indicate that metabolic organization is not only identical for all living organisms, but also complies with the design principles of robust and error-tolerant scale-free networks, and may represent a common blueprint for the large-scale organization of interactions among all cellular constituents.” https://lnkd.in/em_2tJm View in LinkedIn

REVERSE MEIOSIS. "In normal meiosis, homologous chromosomes are separated during meiotic division I whereas sister chromatids are separated during meiosis II. Why meiosis generally follows this order is unknown, but interestingly, meiosis can also take place in the reverse order in some species, including some flowering plants, mites, true bugs, and mealybugs." https://lnkd.in/e2tp_G5 View in LinkedIn

SCALING. “Here we present a systematic comparative mathematical analysis of the metabolic networks of 43 organisms representing all three domains of life. We show that, despite significant variation in their individual constituents and pathways, these metabolic networks have the same topological scaling properties and show striking similarities to the inherent organization of complex non-biological systems.” https://lnkd.in/em_2tJm View in LinkedIn