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SEMELPAROUS SPECIES. "In some species, there is considerable empirical evidence for a tightly regulated “death program”, or organismal initiation and control of the process leading to death." https://lnkd.in/ecP3KMX View in LinkedIn

SENESCENCE. "The strongest appearance of programmed organismal death in organismal senescence is found in semelparous species, which reproduce only once during the life cycle. A common pattern in these species is that individuals appear healthy up to the time of reproduction, then decline rapidly and dramatically afterward. Mortality in these cases is often 100%, with no obvious environmental cause." https://lnkd.in/ecP3KMX View in LinkedIn

DEATH FOR FITNESS. "If a large organism can build itself from a single cell, why can it not maintain itself once built? Or can organismal death actually be adaptive in some cases, in the sense of increasing Darwinian fitness?" https://lnkd.in/ecP3KMX View in LinkedIn

FULL RECOVERY. “It appears likely that for mass extinction episodes in the geological past, the recovery period usually lasted at least five million years.” https://lnkd.in/eyRBipn View in LinkedIn

POST-MATING DEATH IN SPIDERS. "Male self-sacrifice”, or apparent male cooperation with female cannibalism, is part of male copulatory behavior in several spider species, and in some insects. One study also reported that males of the spider Argiope aurantia spontaneously die when they copulate." https://lnkd.in/ecP3KMX View in LinkedIn

RAPID RESTART. “We emphasise the astonishing speed of biological diversification following a ‘catastrophic’ mass extinction. We could refer to this feature as ‘catastrophic biological diversification’.” https://lnkd.in/eRbPBJq View in LinkedIn

PEA APHIDS. "These insects live in groups of close kin, and their death prevents their body from producing parasites that would then attack their siblings. Death therefore increases the individual’s inclusive fitness, or equivalently, increases the fitness of the kin group." https://lnkd.in/ecP3KMX View in LinkedIn

NOVELTY HOTSPOTS. “Certain habitats and regions, such as onshore marine settings, and the tropics in both marine and terrestrial settings, appear to be important sources of postextinction evolutionary novelty.” http://www.pnas.org/content/98/10/5393.full/Donnie) View in LinkedIn

APHID SUICIDE. "Observations of organismal suicide have been carefully researched and documented. Pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) that are parasitized by the Braconid wasp Aphidius ervi drop from the host plant, causing their own death." https://lnkd.in/ecP3KMX View in LinkedIn

TIMEFRAMES. “The fossil record shows that destructive and generative aspects of extinction generally operate in different time frames. Recoveries of different biomes, clades, or communities may have different postextinction lag times.” http://www.pnas.org/content/98/10/5393.full/Donnie) View in LinkedIn