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ASYMMETRIC SELECTION. “Examples of asymmetric selection include human birth weight, parasitic gall size, and bill depth in Darwin’s finches." https://lnkd.in/e5R5vQe View in LinkedIn

SYMMETRIC SELECTION. “Although examples of symmetric stabilizing selection exist (for example, Bumpus’ sparrows), many individual fitness distributions are skewed." https://lnkd.in/e5R5vQe View in LinkedIn

ADDING ASYMMETRY. "Here we revisit Lande’s adaptive landscape and introduce novel analytical theory that includes asymmetric selection. Asymmetric selection and the resulting skewed trait distributions bias equilibrium mean phenotypes away from fitness peaks, usually toward the flatter shoulder of the individual fitness surface." https://lnkd.in/e5R5vQe View in LinkedIn

ADAPTIVE LANDSCAPE. "Lande’s analytical approach is commonly used to describe the evolution of the mean phenotype on an adaptive landscape. Lande showed that an evolving population climbs the adaptive landscape to a local fitness peak through evolution." https://lnkd.in/e5R5vQe View in LinkedIn

DEVIATIONS FROM SYMMETRY. "Evolutionary biologists typically predict future evolutionary responses to natural selection by analysing evolution on an adaptive landscape. Much theory assumes symmetric fitness surfaces even though many stabilizing selection gradients deviate from symmetry." https://lnkd.in/e5R5vQe View in LinkedIn

ATOMIC DETAILS. “The atomic number is the number of protons in an atom of an element. By definition, atoms have no overall electrical charge. That means that there must be a balance between the positively charged protons and the negatively charged electrons. Atoms must have equal numbers of protons and electrons. Number of Protons = Atomic Number. Number of Electrons = Number of Protons = Atomic Number. Number of Neutrons = Mass Number - Atomic Number.” https://lnkd.in/eunrvYj View in LinkedIn

QUANTITATIVE GENETICS. "A fundamental goal in biology is to predict the evolution and optimization of traits in populations undergoing natural selection. Quantitative genetics has emerged as the dominant paradigm for predicting the evolutionary optima for continuous traits." https://lnkd.in/e5R5vQe View in LinkedIn

PROTONS. “What is the definition of an Element? It’s the Protons? It’s strictly based off the Protons.” (An excellent chemical skit worth reading). https://lnkd.in/efDcCRq View in LinkedIn

FINDINGS. "Furthermore, we found that genes coding for proteins expected to interact directly with the host’s molecules (such as effector proteins and secondary metabolites) show evidence of PS acting on the coding sequence, whereas genes upregulated during infection are enriched with transcription start codons and intronic DNA sequences under selective sweeps, balancing, and number sequences.” https://lnkd.in/dPT523x View in LinkedIn

DECK OF CARDS. “Atoms of different kinds—that is, elements—are distinguished by their proton number or their electron number. In all, we know of some 107 different elements, from the simplest, hydrogen (1 proton), to the most complex, copernicium (112 protons). (Heavier elements 114 and 115 have been confirmed but are as yet unnamed, while claims for elements having 113, 115, and 118 remain unconfirmed.” https://lnkd.in/eGDp3CB View in LinkedIn