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HOME BREW VACCINE. “Although sometimes embarrassed by a lack of supply, Jenner sent vaccine to his medical acquaintances and to anyone else who requested it.” https://lnkd.in/eQfnZZv View in LinkedIn

UNINTENDED CONSEQUENCES. “Some people recognized that the practice of variolation not only increased the incidence and prevalence of the disease in England, but that the practice had also probably increased the severity of the disease. Because of these beliefs, variolation was made illegal for a time in mid-century, across the channel in France. It was also eventually made illegal in England in 1840.” https://lnkd.in/ettvWHm View in LinkedIn

EXACT VACCINE UNCERTAIN. “Some modern virologists believe that the vaccine used to immunize people throughout the 19th century was closer in form to smallpox than to cowpox; in other words, that vaccination was variolation by another name. The truth is that we just don’t know —and because no samples of the 19th century vaccine survive, we may never know.” https://lnkd.in/eYNfQxg View in LinkedIn

VACCINE ACCEPTANCE. “Despite errors, many controversies, and chicanery, the use of vaccination spread rapidly in England, and by the year 1800, it had also reached most European countries.” https://lnkd.in/eQfnZZv View in LinkedIn

STILL UNKNOWN. “The recent discovery of giant viruses infecting protists shows that we are still far from saturation in the study of viral diversity. Nevertheless, paraphrasing Einstein, the most astonishing finding about the virus world is that its history appears to be tractable.” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nyas.12728/full View in LinkedIn

SAD COLLATERAL DAMAGE. “Jenner’s son died at age 21 from tuberculosis, which has been linked to the smallpox vaccine. Despite his death, Jenner continued testing his vaccine on many others producing varying results such as vaccine-induced smallpox and vaccine-induced tuberculosis.” https://lnkd.in/dJxnizw View in LinkedIn

EXPLOSIVE DIVERSITY. “The world of viruses and selfish elements is enormously diverse, even when one considers only viruses with a certain type of genomic nucleic acid (dsDNA) that infect hosts from only one domain of cellular life (eukaryotes).” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nyas.12728/full View in LinkedIn

GROWING POPULARITY. “In London, vaccination became popular through the activities of others, particularly the surgeon Henry Cline, to whom Jenner had given some of the inoculant. Later in 1799, Drs. George Pearson and William Woodville began to support vaccination among their patients.” https://lnkd.in/eQfnZZv View in LinkedIn

FOURTH DOMAIN PROBLEMS. “This effect of nonuniform evolutionary rates is a pervasive problem in the analysis of deep phylogenies. Indeed, a subsequent reanalysis of the phylogenies of several universal genes present in giant viruses has failed to find support for the fourth-domain hypothesis.” http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nyas.12728/full View in LinkedIn

JENNER’S SON BECOMES ILL, following his father’s experimental innoculation. “Unfortunately, however, in the years following these experiments, young Edward "became a sickly child and exhibited signs of mild mental retardation," likely due to neurological damage.” His son later had repeated boosters with one severe reaction. https://lnkd.in/d2v-Dvh View in LinkedIn