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TWO CELL DIVISION TYPES. "Mitosis and meiosis are two different types of cell division cycles with entirely different outcomes with definite biological implication for almost all eukaryotic species." https://lnkd.in/d8cXuPE View in LinkedIn

CHEMICAL DARWINIAN COMPETITION. “In recent years, an extension of the Darwinian framework is being considered for the study of prebiotic chemical evolution, shifting the attention from homogeneous populations of naked molecular species to populations of heterogeneous, compartmentalized and functionally integrated assemblies of molecules.” https://lnkd.in/d-UDSAh View in LinkedIn

CONSERVED PLOIDY. "Precise and timely segregation of genetic material and conservation of ploidy are the two foremost requirements for survival of a eukaryotic organism. Two highly regulated cell division processes, namely mitosis and meiosis are central to achieve this objective. The modes of chromosome segregation are distinct in these two processes that generate progeny cells of equal ploidy and half the ploidy in mitosis and meiosis, respectively." https://lnkd.in/d8cXuPE View in LinkedIn

SECOND MAJOR FORCE. "Repression of competition within groups joins kin selection as the second major force in the history of life shaping the evolution of cooperation. When opportunities for competition against neighbors are limited within groups, individuals can increase their own success only by enhancing the efficiency and productivity of their group." https://lnkd.in/duWA75V View in LinkedIn

HALVING IS HARD. "The behavior of chromosomes in meiosis is much more complex than in mitosis. Additional demands such as chiasmata formation, mono-orientation of sister kinetochores, protection of centromeric cohesion, and prevention of DNA replication between the two divisions are imposed upon the chromosome segregation machinery." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867403000837 View in LinkedIn

SELFISH BRAIN. "The presented model includes a newly discovered ‘principle of balance’ of how pairs of high and low-affinity receptors can originate setpoints in biological systems. In this ‘Selfish Brain Theory’, the neocortex and limbic system play a central role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as anorexia nervosa and obesity." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763404000259 View in LinkedIn

DOWN THE MIDDLE. "The only way of both reducing chromosome number and ensuring that gametes inherit a complete copy of the genome is to segregate maternal and paternal versions of each chromosome, known as homologous chromosomes, in opposite directions at the first of the two meiotic divisions." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867403000837 View in LinkedIn

PRECISE REDUCTION. "In reducing the chromosome number, it is not merely sufficient to end up, in a random manner, with a haploid number of chromosomes in the gamete. The haploid gametes produced by meiosis must contain one copy of each unique chromosome." https://lnkd.in/dd-eUTZ View in LinkedIn

"THE PURPOSE OF MEIOSIS is to generate haploid gametes from diploid cells. Meiosis, like mitosis, begins with the replication of DNA, thus producing a cell with four chromatids of each type of chromosome—two maternal and two paternal. These four chromatids have to be distributed to four different nuclei.” https://lnkd.in/dd-eUTZ View in LinkedIn

MEIOTIC REDUCTION. "A question of central importance to heredity in sexually reproducing eukaryotes is how haploid gametes are generated from diploid somatic cells. The answer lies in a specialized form of cell division during which the number of chromosomes is reduced. In 1905, Farmer and Moore termed this specialized form of cell division meiosis (derived from the Greek word, meaning “reduction”)." https://lnkd.in/dd-eUTZ View in LinkedIn