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CONSERVED PLOIDY. "Precise and timely segregation of genetic material and conservation of ploidy are the two foremost requirements for survival of a eukaryotic organism. Two highly regulated cell division processes, namely mitosis and meiosis are central to achieve this objective. The modes of chromosome segregation are distinct in these two processes that generate progeny cells of equal ploidy and half the ploidy in mitosis and meiosis, respectively." https://lnkd.in/d8cXuPE View in LinkedIn

SECOND MAJOR FORCE. "Repression of competition within groups joins kin selection as the second major force in the history of life shaping the evolution of cooperation. When opportunities for competition against neighbors are limited within groups, individuals can increase their own success only by enhancing the efficiency and productivity of their group." https://lnkd.in/duWA75V View in LinkedIn

HALVING IS HARD. "The behavior of chromosomes in meiosis is much more complex than in mitosis. Additional demands such as chiasmata formation, mono-orientation of sister kinetochores, protection of centromeric cohesion, and prevention of DNA replication between the two divisions are imposed upon the chromosome segregation machinery." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867403000837 View in LinkedIn

SELFISH BRAIN. "The presented model includes a newly discovered ‘principle of balance’ of how pairs of high and low-affinity receptors can originate setpoints in biological systems. In this ‘Selfish Brain Theory’, the neocortex and limbic system play a central role in the pathogenesis of diseases such as anorexia nervosa and obesity." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763404000259 View in LinkedIn

DOWN THE MIDDLE. "The only way of both reducing chromosome number and ensuring that gametes inherit a complete copy of the genome is to segregate maternal and paternal versions of each chromosome, known as homologous chromosomes, in opposite directions at the first of the two meiotic divisions." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0092867403000837 View in LinkedIn

GENE DIFFUSION. "An analysis confirms the long-standing theory that sex increases the rate of adaptive evolution by accelerating the speed at which beneficial mutations sweep through sexual, as opposed to asexual, populations." https://lnkd.in/dNRpdc2 View in LinkedIn

NORMAL DISTRIBUTION CURVE. "As predicted by theory, the advantage to sex arises because sexually derived progeny are more variable in fitness, allowing for faster adaptation. This “long-term advantage” builds over multiple generations, eventually resulting in higher fitness of sexual types." https://lnkd.in/ePUmiA8 View in LinkedIn

CORRELATED TO ADAPTION. "Using experimental populations of the facultatively sexual rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus, we show that rates of sex evolve to higher levels during adaptation but then decline as fitness plateaus." https://lnkd.in/ePUmiA8 View in LinkedIn

SEX ENHANCES ADAPTATION. "Both theory and experiments have demonstrated that sex can facilitate adaptation, potentially yielding a group-level advantage to sex." https://lnkd.in/ePUmiA8 View in LinkedIn

SEX BEGETS VARIATION. "Numerous studies across a range of organisms have convergently shown that the majority of variation in overall gene expression is explained by sex. These sex-biased genes have distinct evolutionary properties, namely they show faster rates of sequence and expression divergence, as well as rapid rates of turnover, broadly consistent with sexual selection." https://lnkd.in/dpjGKhi View in LinkedIn