Category: Uncategorized

GENE NETWORKS. "Integration appears to be driven by natural selection. Several new genes have become new hubs. Gene expression networks can be rapidly and globally reshaped in evolution by new genes." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

NON-CODING SEGMENTS. "Not all new genes code for proteins. Noncoding RNAs were found to play an important role in neuronal functions in the early 1990s. A large number of functional RNAs from noncoding regions have been reported to play vital roles in a wide variety of organisms. MicroRNAs appear to turn over rapidly, but can be strongly influenced by positive selection." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

ASSIMILATION OF NEW GENES. "New genes can also be quickly integrated into existing gene networks. Chen et al., observed that almost all young essential genes have been assimilated into protein-protein physical interaction networks in Drosophila and a significant number of these young genes have developed multiple interactions with old genes." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE continues from last weekend to this weekend’s conclusion of the fragment on gene life cycles. In biological time, genes are dynamic entities, being born and dying, being borrowed and shared. In one viewpoint, genes are the currency of life, the most important asset that is built up over time. The accumulation of more complex biological information on planet earth has been a steady process. See how this came about. View in LinkedIn

METABOLISM EXPANSION. "New genes can generate new biochemical pathways and products if they are enzymes or become enzymes." https://lnkd.in/dvpUaYF View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETIC REPROGRAMMING. "It is proposed that the absence of a functionally important methyl group in a promotor or operater region produces a recombinator or signal for the initiation of recombination. The formation of hybrid DNA in this region then allows the lost methyl groups to be replaced by maintenance methylase activity. The removal of epigenetic defects by recombination during meiosis therefore becomes an essential part of a reprogramming and rejuvenation process." http://europepmc.org/abstract/med/6400219 View in LinkedIn

CONFINED. "There is also evidence that recombination at meiosis is largely confined to structural genes or adjacent DNA." https://lnkd.in/dx9WaSq View in LinkedIn

EPIGENETICS. "Evidence is now available which strongly indicates that the control of gene activity in higher organisms depends in part on the pattern of cytosine methylation in DNA, and that this pattern is inherited through the activity of a maintenance methylase. Epigenetic defects may arise by the loss of methyl groups which the methylase is unable to replace in somatic and also germ line cells, if de novo methylation cannot occur." https://lnkd.in/dx9WaSq View in LinkedIn

BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF MEIOSIS #4. "Fourth, that it helps maintain the immortality of the germ line, possible by a process of rejuvenation involving the removal of faulty RNA and protein molecules, or by the elimination of defective meiocytes." https://lnkd.in/dx9WaSq View in LinkedIn

BIOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF MEIOSIS #3. "Third, that it is essential, at least in animals, for the reprogramming of gametes which give rise to the fertilized egg." https://lnkd.in/dx9WaSq View in LinkedIn