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VIRUSES AND ALL TRANSITIONS. "We can then see that viruses were involved in most all major transitions of host biology in evolution. This will likely seem an overstated or even preposterous position to most readers. How could genetic parasites (viruses) be providing such fundamental capacity for host evolution? And why would they do so?" http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apm.12485/full View in LinkedIn

ALL PLACENTAL LINEAGES. "Over the years, it has become increasingly evident that endogenized retroviruses (ERVs) have been intimately and deeply involved in the placenta of all mammalian lineages." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/apm.12485/full View in LinkedIn

VIRUSES AND THE PLACENTA. "The emergence of mammalian vivipary and the placenta presents many biological and behavioral issues that challenge theories of evolution. These biological and immunological dilemmas are associated with the emergence of the ‘foreign’ mammalian placenta (expressing paternal genes)." https://lnkd.in/etdQ9rN View in LinkedIn

VIRAL INVOLVEMENT. "All systems of host identity and immunity can be examined from this way and show viral involvement. I also examine the emergence of human social identity from this perspective which provides many new insights for the origin of social cooperation." https://lnkd.in/dk3eXRj View in LinkedIn

COMPREHENSIVE EXPLANATION. "The combined concepts of addiction modules and quasispecies can be applied to understand a wide array of phenomena, involving cooperation, network formation, symbiosis, immunity and group identity, all of which are also examined from a virus first perspective." https://lnkd.in/dk3eXRj View in LinkedIn

LESS CRYPTIC. “In some cases, a sexual cycle has even been observed for apparently asexual species, such as for the saprotrophic and opportunistic mammalian pathogenic fungus Aspergillus fumigatus.” https://lnkd.in/eC8eb-V View in LinkedIn

TRANSFER RNA. “Moreover, genome rearrangements have been observed in proximity to highly abundant tRNA genes in yeast.” https://lnkd.in/eC8eb-V View in LinkedIn

FUNGAL SEXUAL GENES. “Comparative genomics identified many meiosis-specific genes, as well as the mating type locus that encodes genes that are critically required for sexual reproduction, in the apparently asexual fungus Candida glabrata, suggesting it has a cryptic sexual cycle.” https://lnkd.in/eC8eb-V View in LinkedIn

JUMPING GENES AND DIVERSITY. “Genome rearrangements are not only mediated by transposable elements, but also by other highly repetitive elements such as micro- and minisatellites; short nucleotide repeats that differ in the length of the repeat unit.” https://lnkd.in/eC8eb-V View in LinkedIn

CRYPTIC SEXUAL CYCLES. “Many fungal species have initially been considered to lack a conventional sexual cycle, and were thus seen as strictly asexual (clonal). However, several of these species were later discovered to have cryptic, hence hidden, sexual cycles, or other modes of reproduction.” https://lnkd.in/eC8eb-V View in LinkedIn