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RNA WORLD. "He also showed that RNA, the nucleic acid that many scientists believe served as the precursor to DNA-based life, is a particularly cheap building material. Once RNA arose, he argues, its “Darwinian takeover” was perhaps not surprising." https://www.quantamagazine.org/20140122-a-new-physics-theory-of-life/ View in LinkedIn

FUSION OF DISSIMILARS. "Fusion of stamen, petals and carpels into a single floral tube also appears throughout angiosperm evolution and appears to be mediated by different mechanisms that either stamen–stamen or carpel–carpel fusion." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

MINIMAL LEAKING. "The theoretical minimum amount of dissipation that can occur during the self-replication of RNA molecules and bacterial cells, and showed that it is very close to the actual amounts these systems dissipate when replicating." https://www.quantamagazine.org/20140122-a-new-physics-theory-of-life/ View in LinkedIn

TYPES OF FLOWER FUSIONS. "(1) Connation of sepals, resulting in a calyx tube; (2) adnation of sepals and petals; (3) connation of petals; (4) adnation of petals and stamen; (5) connation of stamens to form a staminodial tube; (6) connation of carpels leading to a syncarpous gynoecium." https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

REPRODUCTIVE DISSIPATION. "Self-replication (or reproduction, in biological terms), the process that drives the evolution of life on Earth, is one such mechanism by which a system might dissipate an increasing amount of energy over time....A great way of dissipating more is to make more copies of yourself." https://www.quantamagazine.org/20140122-a-new-physics-theory-of-life/ View in LinkedIn

GENES AND FUSION. "Boundary formation gene regulatory network (GRN) and fusion of floral organs. (a) A floral diagram with four concentric whorls showing different planes along which fusion (or lack of separation) of floral organs typically occurs." (See Fig 2). https://lnkd.in/dD4GcAS View in LinkedIn

CLUMPS IN THE WARMING BATH. "This means clumps of atoms surrounded by a bath at some temperature, like the atmosphere or the ocean, should tend over time to arrange themselves to resonate better and better with the sources of mechanical, electromagnetic or chemical work in their environments." https://www.quantamagazine.org/20140122-a-new-physics-theory-of-life/ View in LinkedIn

EXTERNAL ENERGY SOURCE. "We can show very simply from the formula that the more likely evolutionary outcomes are going to be the ones that absorbed and dissipated more energy from the environment’s external drives on the way to getting there." https://www.quantamagazine.org/20140122-a-new-physics-theory-of-life/ View in LinkedIn

HEATING BATHS. "Life does not violate the second law of thermodynamics, but until recently, physicists were unable to use thermodynamics to explain why it should arise in the first place. The systems are strongly driven by an external energy source such as an electromagnetic wave, and they can dump heat into a surrounding bath. This class of systems includes all living things." https://www.quantamagazine.org/20140122-a-new-physics-theory-of-life/ View in LinkedIn

OPEN SYSTEMS. "Although entropy must increase over time in an isolated or “closed” system, an “open” system can keep its entropy low — that is, divide energy unevenly among its atoms — by greatly increasing the entropy of its surroundings. In his influential 1944 monograph “What Is Life?” the eminent quantum physicist Erwin Schrödinger argued that this is what living things must do." https://www.quantamagazine.org/20140122-a-new-physics-theory-of-life/ View in LinkedIn