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THREE APOPTOTIC PURPOSES. "Apoptosis serves three main purposes in animals." https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

PHAGE STRUCTURAL MODULES. "The prophage WO encode conserved structural modules (for example, head, tail and baseplate)." https://lnkd.in/dG3vir9 View in LinkedIn

“APOPTOSIS is the programmed cell death mechanism that is most widespread in nature.” https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

CENTRAL ROLE OF MITOCHONDRIA. "These later examples...clearly demonstrates the central role of the mitochondria in the highly regulated and complex process of many forms of programmed cell death. The activation of the mitochondrial pathway can also occur following the activation of the extrinsic pathway." Mitochondria were engulfed bacteria early in evolution. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167488910002764 View in LinkedIn

SO ENDS this first weekend on the obligate parasite Wolbachia. These curious beasts have attracted interest because they break a number of rules regarding sharing of host genes, inheritance and gene downsizing. They are exquisitely downsized, in line with their lifestyle, to remain mobile and flexible parasites outsourcing their needs to the host. To be continued next weekend. View in LinkedIn

REF FOR LAST POST." "Are Internal, Death-Promoting Mechanisms Ever Adaptive?" "John W Pepper1,2, Deborah E Shelton1, Armin Rashidi1 and Pierre M Durand1,3* View in LinkedIn

DEATH FOR INCREASED FITNESS. "Programmed cell death (PCD) serves the interests of multicellular organisms in many ways. Because it increases the fitness of the organism, there is no mystery about the function of PCD in plants and animals." View in LinkedIn

REGULATED DEATH. “In all cases that have been studied to date, programmed cell death is regulated by signals provided by other cells, either in the form of cell-lineage information, of soluble mediators, or of cell-to-cell contacts." http://www.nature.com/cdd/journal/v9/n4/full/4400950a.html View in LinkedIn

WIDELY CONSERVED. “Programmed cell death has been found to operate in all multicellular animals studied so far, including cnidaria, nematodes, insects, amphibians, birds and mammals. The evolutionary conservation of programmed cell death in the animal kingdom does not only involve its existence and role, but extends to some central aspects of its genetic control, and to important aspects of its most frequent phenotype, apoptosis." http://www.nature.com/cdd/journal/v9/n4/full/4400950a.html View in LinkedIn

APOPTOSIS and cell suicide are continuous ongoing processes in living systems. It is normal and widespread. "The cells of a multicellular organism are members of a highly organized community. The number of cells in this community is tightly regulated—not simply by controlling the rate of cell division, but also by controlling the rate of cell death. If cells are no longer needed, they commit suicide by activating an intracellular death program." https://lnkd.in/eaj7Brc View in LinkedIn