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DEATH BY TELOMERE. "A second 'deliberate' mechanism is called replicative senescence or cellular senescence. Metaphorically, a cell may be said to 'count' (with its telomeres) the number of times that it has divided, and after a set number of replications, it languishes and dies. It has been proposed that this mechanism evolved to suppress cancer." https://lnkd.in/dUX_Fna View in LinkedIn

SELF-PURGING. "Cell death is not only employed to remove damaged or infected cells, but it is also important for sculpting tissues. During embryonic development, animals produce many cells which are no longer needed in the adult animal and which therefore undergo PCD to eliminate themselves." (PCD = programmed cell death). https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

PLANT Cell Death. "In plants, cell death is part of the normal cycle of the organism. Developmental cell death is observed in many plant tissues, being crucial for instance for senescence of leaves and flowers, formation of pollen and seeds and terminal differentiation of vascular elements. Moreover, plant cells undergo Programmed Cell Death in response to infection." https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

"CELL DEATH regulated by a genetic program, or Programmed Cell Death (PCD), is a fundamental mechanism of homeostasis of tissues." https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

SKIN DEATH. "A process involving programmed cell death which we are all familiar with is death of skin cells. The skin is constantly being renewed and this renovation involves death of cells in outer layers of the skin. These cells do not die by apoptosis, but by a process called ‘cornication’ or ‘keratinization’ of the outer layers of the epidermis." https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

CELL DEATH BY MURDER. "Cytotoxic lymphocytes (CTL) and Natural Killer (NK) cells owe their names to their ability to induce death of their target cells. In order to avoid propagation of a virus, cytotoxic cells attack and kill the infected cells and they use several effector mechanisms in order to do so." https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

CASPASES "Apoptotic pathways are fairly similar in nematodes, and vertebrates. Caspases are required for apoptosis in all animals studied and so are their activators (Apaf‐1‐like molecules). In mammals, the mitochondrial pathway is of great relevance, because it is activated in response to multiple stimuli. Mitochondria (and cytochrome c) are required for apoptosome‐mediated caspase activation in response to a diversity of stimuli, including developmental cues, growth factor withdrawal, heat shock, nutrient deprivation, endoplasmic reticulum stress and DNA damage." https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

ACTIVATION OF DEATH PATHWAY. "Caspases are normally present in the cytosol. Since killer proteases are obviously dangerous, they are kept in check by a number of safety mechanisms. The most important is that they are inactive until a ‘deadly’ stimulus activates them by promoting their oligomerization and subsequent cleavage." https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

CONSERVED PATHWAYS. "Apoptosis requires a number of genes that are well conserved across animal evolution. In the past few years, multiple genetic and cell biology experiments have shown that apoptosis is executed through similar biochemical pathways in vertebrates, Drosophila and C. elegans. These biochemical pathways lead to activation of proteins termed ‘caspases’." https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn

BRIEF LIFE. "In the adult animal, unwanted cells are eliminated through PCD when they are no longer needed. For instance, during an immune response there is a rapid production of lymphocytes which respond to a specific pathogen. These lymphocytes have to be eliminated after the pathogen has been cleared. For these reason, these cells are ‘programmed’ to eliminate themselves after a few days of life." (PCD = programmed cell death). https://celldeath.files.wordpress.com/2010/11/lopezself_munoz.pdf View in LinkedIn