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PROKARYOTIC CONSTRAINTS. “Prokaryotic genome size is constrained by bioenergetics. The endosymbiosis that gave rise to mitochondria restructured the distribution of DNA in relation to bioenergetic membranes, permitting a remarkable 200,000-fold expansion in the number of genes expressed." https://lnkd.in/epWvSvD View in LinkedIn

SELF-MODIFYING CODE. "Is it possible for a program to modify its own code? Absolutely. The Linux kernel makes extensive use of self-modifying code. Also, any environment using just-in-time compilation, such as the Java virtual machine or Google’s V8 JavaScript engine or PyPy, is built entirely on self-modifying code." https://lnkd.in/db4vZQ4 View in LinkedIn

PROKARYOTE LIMITED COMPLEXITY. "All complex life is composed of eukaryotic (nucleated) cells. The eukaryotic cell arose from prokaryotes just once in four billion years, and otherwise prokaryotes show no tendency to evolve greater complexity. Why not?” https://lnkd.in/epWvSvD View in LinkedIn

UNIT OF EVOLUTION? "Individuals are merely disposable vehicles for the replicating information contained in the genes. As long as the genes survive (that is, are replicated in offspring before the individual dies), the survival or death of the individual is not very important." https://lnkd.in/ecMXQ_u View in LinkedIn

DATA INCREASE. "Since the genetic information is transformed into phenotypic information in ontogeny, this figure (10(8) bits) must represent the amount of information which corresponds to the improved organization of higher animals as compared to their ancestors 500 million years back." https://lnkd.in/eGfBzxS View in LinkedIn

SMALL BEGINNINGS. "Code that's capable of altering its own instructions while it's still executing has been around for a while. Typically, it's done to reduce the instruction path length and improve performance, or to simply reduce repetitively similar code. But for all intents and purposes, there are no self-aware, self-improving AI systems today." https://lnkd.in/dp3ZKye View in LinkedIn

EMERGENT PHENOMENA. "The jumps — saltations, in complexity parlance — appear to be non-linear emergent phenomena, the result of networked interactions that produce self-organization at ever higher levels. From this perspective, Darwinian evolution is a mechanism of a higher universal law, perhaps even a variant on the second law of thermodynamics." https://lnkd.in/ezFxqyc View in LinkedIn

BIOLOGICAL LEAPS. "A growing number of scientists do say that neo-Darwinian evolution doesn’t explain certain jumps in biological complexity: from single-celled to multicellular organisms, from single organisms to entire communities." https://lnkd.in/ezFxqyc View in LinkedIn

GREY ZONE THRESHOLD. "An artificial intelligence could rewrite its code from scratch — it could change the underlying dynamics of optimization. Such an optimization process would wrap around much more strongly than either evolution accumulating adaptations or humans accumulating knowledge. The key implication for our purposes is that AI might make a huge jump in intelligence after reaching some threshold of criticality." https://lnkd.in/dp3ZKye View in LinkedIn

INCREMENTAL TIPPING POINT. "Once sophisticated enough, an AI will be able to engage in what's called "recursive self-improvement." As an AI becomes smarter and more capable, it will subsequently become better at the task of developing its internal cognitive functions. In turn, these modifications will kickstart a cascading series of improvements, each one making the AI smarter at the task of improving itself. It's an advantage that we biological humans simply don't have." https://lnkd.in/dp3ZKye View in LinkedIn