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EQUIVALENT OF SEX. "Thus, in prokaryotes, HGT plays the same role of preventing mutational meltdown that in eukaryotes is played by meiotic sex." (HGT = horizontal gene transfer). https://lnkd.in/dSemZpD View in LinkedIn

GENE GAIN EXCEEDS GENE LOSS. "Quantitatively, however, horizontal gene transfer (HGT) dominates microbial evolution, with the rate of gene gain and loss being comparable to the rate of point mutations and much greater than the duplication rate." https://lnkd.in/dSemZpD View in LinkedIn

PROTECTION. "The model shows that, thanks to the stochastic nature of the mutation process, protection from the ratchet is achievable despite the fact that environmental DNA that comes from dead microbes on average has a higher mutational load than the DNA of living recipient cells." https://lnkd.in/dSemZpD View in LinkedIn

OFFSETTING THE RATCHET. "The only route of actual escape from Muller’s ratchet appears to be gene acquisition via HGT resulting in either displacement of a mutated gene by a functional copy or gain of new genes that offsets the deleterious effects of accumulating mutations." (HGT = horizontal gene transfer). https://lnkd.in/dSemZpD View in LinkedIn

LAW OF THE RATCHET. "Demise caused by Muller’s ratchet appears to be the typical fate of bacteria that are confined to intracellular parasitism or symbiosis, although the ratchet can be slowed down by lowering the mutation rate." https://lnkd.in/dSemZpD View in LinkedIn

FIRST ROBOT SCIENTIST (2009). “Eve's artificial intelligence] reduces the costs, uncertainty, and time involved in drug screening, and has the potential to improve the lives of millions of people worldwide.” https://lnkd.in/dVQ3bPb View in LinkedIn

ADVANCED BIOCHEMISTRY. "In 2011, it was reported that Eureqa had succeeded at a much more complex task: re-deriving seven equations describing how levels of various chemical compounds fluctuate in oxygen-deprived yeast cells." https://lnkd.in/dHKcrCf View in LinkedIn

GENETIC PROGRAMMING. "The Cornell computer program uses a technique called genetic programming that starts with random guesses at a solution and then employs an evolution-inspired algorithm to shuffle and change pieces of the equations until it finds a solution that works." https://lnkd.in/djSTtXn View in LinkedIn

OPEN SOURCE. "Eureqa is a Machine Intelligence™ application that automates much of the heavy lifting inherent in analytics and data science. Leveraging automated evolutionary algorithms, Eureqa churns through your data to create accurate predictive models in minutes rather than months." (Hod Lipson). https://lnkd.in/dxaxRNu View in LinkedIn

PATTERNED MASSIVE DATASETS. "The research is being heralded as a potential breakthrough for science in the Petabyte Age, where computers try to find regularities in massive datasets that are too big and complex for the human mind and its standard computational tools." (Hod Lipson, Cornell University). https://lnkd.in/dyU_N5f View in LinkedIn