linkedin post 2019-04-19 03:26:38

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SIMPLIFYING EFFICIENCY. "Pargellis found that on average, a self-replicating sequence of instructions would spontaneously arise after about 400 generations. Initially, such 'self-reps' were often unnecessarily complex, and contained portions of code which performed no useful task, or were skipped over. This is directly analagous to the 'introns' and 'exons' found in real biological genes, where useful genetic information is interspersed with patches of nonsense." https://lnkd.in/dJPTA3e View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-04-19 03:22:06

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FINITE SIZE RANGE. "Proteins exist in a finite range of sizes with a limited amino acid alphabet. We find that these restrictions set an intrinsic limit to designing protein interfaces that can bind selectively to target proteins, while remaining relatively repulsive to all other protein interfaces." https://lnkd.in/eTyvTV7 View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-04-18 05:07:46

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ONLY 20 AMINO ACIDS MAKE PROTEINS. "There are 22 standard amino acids, but only 21 are found in eukaryotes. Of the 22, 20 are directly encoded by the universal genetic code. Humans can synthesize 11 of these 20 from each other or from other molecules of intermediary metabolism. The other 9 must be consumed in the diet." https://lnkd.in/eeMC3wc View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-04-20 05:17:24

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PATCHWORK HYPOTHESIS. "Concerning the mechanisms of pathway assembly, both the analysis of completely sequenced genomes and directed evolution experiments strongly support the patchwork hypothesis, according to which metabolic pathways have been assembled through the recruitment of primitive enzymes that could react with a wide range of chemically related substrates." Bolt-on exaptations. https://lnkd.in/dNeshTu View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-04-20 05:15:22

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PROTEIN FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY. "Moonlighting has since been demonstrated for a variety of glycolytic, TCA cycle, and other metabolic enzymes. It is now clear that moonlighting represents an important source of protein diversity in multicellular eukaryotes and is relevant for certain human diseases." https://lnkd.in/d59Qmdd View in LinkedIn
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linkedin post 2019-04-18 05:05:14

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UNDIRECTED EVOLUTION. "Amoeba draws its inspiration from the 'Tierra' simulator developed by artificial life researcher Thomas Ray, but with one crucial difference: in Tierra, life-forms must be manually introduced into the soup; in Amoeba, the soup is seeded with random instructions, and life-forms spontaneously appear, as if by magic." https://lnkd.in/dJPTA3e View in LinkedIn
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