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FRAGMENT FROM NATURE. Only 4 nucleotides to make DNA and RNA; only 64 unique codon triplets make amino acids; only 20 amino acids make proteins; only 102 elements make all the planets. Such a small toolkit. And yet our living world and our universe appear to know no limits. How is it that from such simplicity such profound complexity can arise? We will unpack each of the Dutch Dolls from smallest upwards to look at the small toolkit that can amplify so greatly. View in LinkedIn

"THINKING MACHINE. Imagine a software that can consider billions of possible hypotheses at scale...Instead of manually testing a hypothetical outcome against a dataset, SparkBeyond scans massive amounts of data and sifts it through a range of clarifiers – equations, definitions sentiments, locations – to build the best predictive model with a measurable business goal in mind. As the data changes the model adapts using adaptive machine learning algorithms." https://lnkd.in/dDgxbbq View in LinkedIn

RECOMBINANT CODE. "A startup in Israel is working on just such a concept. SparkBeyond, founded by Sagie Davidovich, is creating an engine that will comb all of the code in GitHub and then assemble parts as needed to create new application programming interfaces (APIs). A developer would just need to specify the sort of functions he or she wants and SparkBeyond would assemble it automatically. Call it recombinant code." https://lnkd.in/d5Pn4rH View in LinkedIn

INNOCENT QUESTION. “Why would you ever want to write a program that changes its code while it’s running? That’s a horrible idea!” https://lnkd.in/dWhsGg7 View in LinkedIn

ONLY 20 AMINO ACIDS MAKE PROTEINS. "There are 22 standard amino acids, but only 21 are found in eukaryotes. Of the 22, 20 are directly encoded by the universal genetic code. Humans can synthesize 11 of these 20 from each other or from other molecules of intermediary metabolism. The other 9 must be consumed in the diet." https://lnkd.in/eeMC3wc View in LinkedIn

"IF IFS and ands were pots and pans, the world would be a kitchen." View in LinkedIn

ONLY 20 AMINO ACIDS MAKE PROTEINS. "There are 22 standard amino acids, but only 21 are found in eukaryotes. Of the 22, 20 are directly encoded by the universal genetic code. Humans can synthesize 11 of these 20 from each other or from other molecules of intermediary metabolism. The other 9 must be consumed in the diet." https://lnkd.in/eeMC3wc View in LinkedIn

CODE DATABASE. "If computers can rewrite code, however, the game potentially changes. Suppose, for instance, that someone created a database that indexed all known lines of code in world and then could combine them in a specified way to perform a desired function without the input of a human at all." https://lnkd.in/da9p2nE View in LinkedIn

TOTAL BITS. "So that is a total information of 4,392,322,500 bits including the epigenome. In ASCII code, that would be 627,474,642 MB (megabytes). https://lnkd.in/eq-g674 View in LinkedIn

OOPS. "If machines become self-aware and start writing their own code, they could theoretically take control of the brain. Worse, the Internet itself could “wake up” and start controlling, well, just about everything." https://lnkd.in/da9p2nE View in LinkedIn