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THYROID HORMONE RECEPTORS "are expressed in cartilage and presumptive osteoblasts of Japanese flounder larvae, and asymmetric sensitivity to thyroid hormone in flatfish could, in principle, be regulated by differential expression of thyroid hormone receptor levels or isoforms, transcriptional coregulators, or types I, II or III deiodinase activity." https://lnkd.in/d9EMwRb View in LinkedIn

DEFINED. “Emergence is closely related to the concepts of ‘complexity’ and ‘self-organisation’ . Including both of these concepts, Goldstein defines emergence as...the arising of novel and coherent structures, patterns and properties during the process of self-organization in complex systems.” https://lnkd.in/dRvnSMk View in LinkedIn

THYROXIN MORPHS. "Interestingly, the occurrence of bilaterally symmetrical flatfish variants in aquaculture has been reported, and symmetrical variants appear similar to symmetrical spotted halibut (Verasper variegatus) juveniles that were artificially produced by treating early pre-metamorphic larvae with thyroxin." https://lnkd.in/d9EMwRb View in LinkedIn

BOT SWARM EMERGENCE. “In simple terms, emergence is behaviour at the global level that was not programmed in at the individual level and cannot be readily explained based on behaviour at the individual level.” https://lnkd.in/dRvnSMk View in LinkedIn

EYE MIGRATION AND HORMONES. "Treatment of pre-metamorphic larvae with triiodothyronine (T3) induced bilaterally symmetrical condensation of both frontal bones and symmetrical resorption of both SBs. Eye migration in these larvae is inhibited." https://lnkd.in/d9EMwRb View in LinkedIn

FEEDING CHANGES. "In amphibians the change in feeding habit from herbivore to carnivore during the transition from tadpole to frog is associated with thyroid hormone driven remodelling of the intestine that changes from a long coiled tube into a complex differentiated organ." https://lnkd.in/du68ipH View in LinkedIn

AMPHIBIAN METAMORPHOSIS. "It is well established that THs directly or indirectly stimulate apoptosis and resorption of larval tissue and also promote growth, differentiation and remodelling of tissues that are crucial for the adult life form. For instance, THs are involved in the control of muscle fibre apoptosis in the amphibian tail during its regression and also promote development of the limbs." (THs = thyroid hormones). https://lnkd.in/du68ipH View in LinkedIn

CHEMICAL ASYMMETRY. "We observed that paired winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus) sagittae are not morphologically or chemically identical. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) chemical asymmetry was detected between the sagittae in five of eight elements (with three other elements, Sr, I, and Sn not statistically different). The blind-side otolith exhibited higher mean concentrations of Ba, Mn, Mg, Cu, and Zn trace elements than the eyed-side otolith." https://lnkd.in/d-8wmCG View in LinkedIn

BALANCE CHANGES. "Interestingly, all flatfish except for the most primitive display nearly omni-directional hair-cell polarization of the inner ear’s saccular and lagenar otoliths. This pattern, which is unique amongst vertebrates, is thought to accommodate, but not necessarily induce, the adult flatfish posture." https://lnkd.in/d9EMwRb View in LinkedIn

MORPH CLONE. "The genetics of flatfish reversal are not well understood. Hashimoto et al. (2002) have isolated a Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) clonal line (reversed, ‘rev’) whose offspring display a relatively high (20–30%) frequency of reversal. They have proposed that the directionality of metamorphic asymmetry is determined by the rev locus in a manner independent from the control of visceral asymmetry." https://lnkd.in/d9EMwRb View in LinkedIn