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DECOMPILING VIRUSES. "Some new MSIL viruses, such as MSIL/Gastropod, already support semi-metamorphic (permutating) code generation under the .NET Framework. Such viruses have a great advantage because they do not need to carry their own source code. Instead, viruses can simply decompile themselves to generate new binaries." https://lnkd.in/d_2z5qc View in LinkedIn

ZMIST VIRUS "does not alter the entry point of the host. Instead, it merges with the existing code, becoming part of the instruction flow. However, the code's random location means that sometimes the virus will never receive control. If the virus does run, it will immediately launch the host as a separate process and hide the original process (if the RegisterServiceProcess() function is supported on the current platform) until the infection routine completes. Meanwhile, the virus will begin searching for files to infect." https://lnkd.in/d_2z5qc View in LinkedIn

ZMIST VIRUS. "The Mistfall engine contained in the virus is capable of decompiling PE files to their smallest elements, requiring 32MB of memory. Zmist will insert itself into the code; it moves code blocks out of the way, inserts itself, regenerates code and data references (including relocation information), and rebuilds the executable. This is something that has never been seen in any previous virus." https://lnkd.in/d_2z5qc View in LinkedIn

W95/BISTRO. "If a virus or a 32-bit worm were to implement a similar morphing technique, the problem could be major. New mutations of old viruses and worms would be morphed endlessly! Thus, a virtually endless number of not-yet-detectable viruses and worms would appear without any human intervention, leading to the ultimate virus generator." https://lnkd.in/d_2z5qc View in LinkedIn

POSSIBLE BEATS PROBABLE. "Viral evolution may not be probable or even vaguely probable but it is possible. And one is aware that given sufficient time, even the most improbable event will occur." Monkeys, typewriters and Shakespeare. Or the advent of life on this planet. https://lnkd.in/g5hUBjg View in LinkedIn

THE ENTANGLED BANK. "In the Origin of species, Darwin used the word coadaptation to refer to reciprocal evolutionary change. Repeatedly in the Origin of species he emphasized the importance of interactions between species and closes the book with the concept of the entangled bank where he marvels at the exquisite adaptations of species to one another." https://lnkd.in/d3gZgG7 View in LinkedIn

COEVOLUTION VARIABLES: "whether the genome is haploid or diploid; the number of alleles involved and whether there is pleiotropy (especially fitness costs independent of the host–pathogen interaction); dominance relationships between alleles; the number of loci involved and whether there is epistasis; whether reproduction is sexual or asexual; whether mating is random or assortative; and the relative generation times of host and pathogen and whether generations are discrete or continuous." https://lnkd.in/d3-W8NW View in LinkedIn

GENETIC DEFINITION. "We define co-evolution as the process of reciprocal, adaptive genetic change in two or more species. This simply means that changes in gene frequencies as a result of selection acting on one population create selection for changes in gene frequencies in the other population(s), although the kinds of population genetic processes that result can be different." https://lnkd.in/d3-W8NW View in LinkedIn

GENETIC COMPATIBILITY. "Theoretical studies of co-evolution date back over 40 years; examples include ‘gene-for-gene’, ‘matching allele’ and ‘matching genotype’ models. The key feature of these models is that the outcome of the host–pathogen interaction depends on the combination of host and pathogen genotypes involved." https://lnkd.in/d3-W8NW View in LinkedIn

RECIPROCITY. "The term coevolution is used to describe cases where two (or more) species reciprocally affect each other's evolution. So for example, an evolutionary change in the morphology of a plant, might affect the morphology of an herbivore that eats the plant, which in turn might affect the evolution of the plant, which might affect the evolution of the herbivore...and so on." https://lnkd.in/dY9fCZ3 View in LinkedIn