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FRAGMENT FROM NATURE continues from last weekend and concludes this weekend on the theme of coevolution. Entanglement in physics has taught us that interconnection is a fundamental property of matter at the level of particles. Ecology in biology has taught is that interconnection is how ecosystems are constructed. Coevolution is simply interconnection on the axis of time, where the observer affects the observed in profound ways. View in LinkedIn

"EVOLVING CIRCUITRY. “Engineers are experimenting with rudimentary adaptive hardware systems which marry evolvable chips to conventional equipment. Such hybrids quickly adapt to new demands by constantly evolving and adjusting their control code.” https://lnkd.in/e5p4fXs View in LinkedIn

"PARASITIC COMPUTING is a twist on the distributed computing paradigm whereby a parasite computer extracts computational cycles unbeknownst to the host system." https://lnkd.in/dh6PrEg View in LinkedIn

COMPUTER MALWARE is evidence that computer code is full of holes and weaknesses. The ingenuity of malware code strategies to breach, abduct, and steal from legitimate computers is ever-expanding and likely an arms race similar to a biological virus and its host. View in LinkedIn

PLATFORMS OVERCOME LINGUISTICS. "There are a couple of ways in which code in languages can interact directly. As long as the data being passed between the code is in the right format, at the bits and bytes level, then there is no reason why different languages can't interact. This approach is used in traditional windows DLL development. Even on different platforms, if you can get the format correct (look at big/little endian if interested) it will work as long as your linker (not compiler) knows how to join code together." https://lnkd.in/dQCMwwX View in LinkedIn

CANDIDATES. "The molecular biology underlying host–pathogen co-evolution is, in general, only poorly understood, but there is a huge literature on molecule-for-molecule interactions between hosts and pathogens, and these are obvious candidates for co-evolution." https://lnkd.in/d3-W8NW View in LinkedIn

MOLECULAR COEVOLUTION. "Functional mimicry of host molecules (for example, Salmonella SptP mimicking host GAP enzymes or, commonly, mimicry to evade the immune response) also raises the possibility of molecule-for-molecule co-evolution, although there is not yet evidence that hosts do, or can, respond by evading the mimics." https://lnkd.in/d3-W8NW View in LinkedIn

BIOCHEMICAL EVIDENCE. "The evidence for co-evolution discussed so far is phenomenological; an alternative approach is to look for evidence for co-evolution at the biochemical level." https://lnkd.in/d3-W8NW View in LinkedIn

UNFAIR ADVANTAGE. "As a consequence, mutations in the evolved host genomes that confer resistance to parasites occur at high rates, which help the coevolved hosts outrun their parasites. Our experiments with an artificial system demonstrate how the naturally ubiquitous process of coevolution can promote complexity and favor evolvability." (In silico studies). https://lnkd.in/dUUFYJe View in LinkedIn

BOOSTING EVOLVABILITY IN HOSTS. "We demonstrated that coevolution promotes complexity and dissected how it does so. Instead of simple escalation, we found that a diversity of coevolving lineages must arise for coevolution to drive complex traits. Surprisingly, coevolution had a second effect; it promoted the evolution of more evolvable hosts." (In silico modeling). https://lnkd.in/dUUFYJe View in LinkedIn