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FROM SIMPLE TO COMPLEX. "The most efficient of the evolved equivalence functions was just 17 lines of code — two fewer than the most efficient code the researchers had come up with beforehand. Evolving even as few as 17 lines involved a lot of incremental changes." https://lnkd.in/dvEXJwm View in LinkedIn

DIGITAL MUTATIONS. "The researchers’ simulation involves bits of software that self-replicate, but not perfectly. When the digital organisms make copies of themselves they sometimes make random errors, just as DNA is subject to mutations when it replicates." https://lnkd.in/dvEXJwm View in LinkedIn

COMPUTER SIMULATION. "They also uncovered a twist on conventional evolutionary thinking — it seems that some mutations that are harmful in the short run may boost long-term potential." https://lnkd.in/dvEXJwm View in LinkedIn

IN SILICO MODELING. "Researchers from Michigan State University have used software to prove Charles Darwin’s postulation that small, seemingly inconsequential changes over thousands of generations can result in the evolution of complex functions." https://lnkd.in/dvEXJwm View in LinkedIn

SNOWFLAKES. "There is no intelligent designer of snowflakes. No one sketches out each pattern. Snow crystals grow by themselves without blueprints, with no plan." https://lnkd.in/dvEXJwm View in LinkedIn

"SMALL LOCAL RULES–for example, charges which cause atoms to attract or repel–lead spontaneously to large scale order and complexity, including reproduction and evolution." https://lnkd.in/dvEXJwm View in LinkedIn

SIMPLE PROGRAMS, COMPLEX BEHAVIOR. “Even two lines of code can evolve complexity. "Galileo moment. I’d seen something through my computational telescope that eventually made me change my whole world view. And made me realize that computation—even as done by a tiny program like the one here—is vastly more powerful and important than I’d ever imagined." http://blog.stephenwolfram.com/2013/03/talking-about-the-computational-future-at-sxsw-2013/ View in LinkedIn

NICHE CHANGES. "Complex life cycles are characterized by niche shifts at the time of metamorphosis." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.2307/2937184/full View in LinkedIn

ECOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL. "Complex life cycles occur whenever organisms pass through two or more distinct ecological and morphological phases for each complete generation." https://lnkd.in/demzAM6 View in LinkedIn

DISTINCT PHASE LIFESTYLES. "Life cycles that incorporate discrete, morphologically distinct phases predominate among animals." https://lnkd.in/dSJ56Et View in LinkedIn