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CONFORMATIONALLY LOOSE. "Intrinsically disordered segments lack a unique three-dimensional structure, either entirely or in parts, when expressed as autonomous units, and it is assumed that they sample a variety of conformations that are in equilibrium under physiological conditions." http://www.biochemj.org/content/454/3/361?sa=X&ved=0CDkQ9QEwEWoVChMIzdjAo5n2xgIVovRyCh0HSAum View in LinkedIn

EVOLVING ROBOTS LEARN TO LIE. "In an experiment run at the Laboratory of Intelligent Systems in the Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale of Lausanne, Switzerland, robots that were designed to cooperate in searching out a beneficial resource and avoiding a poisonous one learned to lie to each other in an attempt to hoard the resource." https://lnkd.in/g_45Y2T View in LinkedIn

ABUNDANT DISORDER. "That it is essential to understand the interaction patterns of proteins with large intrinsically disordered segments becomes evident in the light of their abundance in higher eukaryotes (about 30–40% of their proteins contain large disordered segments) and the finding that proteins enriched in disorder are crucial for cellular processes such as transcription and signal transduction." http://www.biochemj.org/content/454/3/361?sa=X&ved=0CDkQ9QEwEWoVChMIzdjAo5n2xgIVovRyCh0HSAum View in LinkedIn

PERPETUAL EMERGENCE. "Substantial effort in the genetic programming community is dedicated to exploring avenues for designing solutions to hard problems. In an ideal situation the solution would adapt to unseen new problems in a satisfactory manner. In our view, this can be achieved to a great extent if mechanisms for allowing perpetual emergence and autonomous response to emerging properties, not requiring external intervention, are put in place." http://eprints.aston.ac.uk/20778/1/Emergence_in_genetic_programming.pdf View in LinkedIn

SYNERGY CREATES PLASTICITY. "The notion that disordered regions are largely passive is being actively challenged by the idea that they perform diverse functions, and that synergy between structured and disordered regions expands the functional repertoires of proteins." http://science.sciencemag.org/content/337/6101/1460 View in LinkedIn

TWO ORDERS. "Many protein functions can be attributed to segments (domains) that fold independently and adopt specific three-dimensional structures. Intrinsically disordered regions are unstructured segments whose amino acid compositions prevent autonomous folding. Some eukaryotic proteins are either fully disordered (intrinsically disordered proteins) or structured, but most have both types of regions." https://lnkd.in/dKEH6Bf View in LinkedIn

INTRINSICALLY DISORDERED (ID) REGIONS. "Proteins containing ID regions tend to take a central role in protein interaction networks; specifically, they act as hubs, interacting with multiple different partners across time and space, allowing for the co-ordination of many cellular activities. Especially critical in determining this role is their ability to bind more than one partner using the same region." http://www.biochemj.org/content/454/3/361?sa=X&ved=0CDkQ9QEwEWoVChMIzdjAo5n2xgIVovRyCh0HSAum View in LinkedIn

HUB VULNERABILITY. "This makes them robust to random node failure relative to a network whose degree distribution is random, but it also creates a vulnerability to the loss of only a few hubs. Importantly, PPI networks are highly dynamic, as their constituents are often short-lived and can be modified (e.g. phosphorylation) to shift interaction preferences." (PPI = protein-protein interactions). http://www.biochemj.org/content/454/3/361?sa=X&ved=0CDkQ9QEwEWoVChMIzdjAo5n2xgIVovRyCh0HSAum View in LinkedIn

PROTEIN-PROTEIN INTERACTION (PPI). "It appears that all available PPI networks display scale free topology; this topology is surprisingly pervasive, having been previously observed in social networks and the Internet. In scale-free networks, most of the nodes have a small number of interaction partners (degree), but a small subset, the hubs, have a very large number of partners." http://www.biochemj.org/content/454/3/361?sa=X&ved=0CDkQ9QEwEWoVChMIzdjAo5n2xgIVovRyCh0HSAum View in LinkedIn

CONTEXTUAL MEANING. "It is becoming increasingly clear that only by studying proteins within the context of their interaction networks will a more complete understanding of complex cellular processes and their disease-causing malfunctions be achievable." https://lnkd.in/f3kymud View in LinkedIn