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TANDEM DUPLICATES INCREASE. "This study explores how gene duplication and metabolic function interact to control intraspecific variation in gene expression. Tandem duplicated genes in Arabidopsis thaliana show increased levels of intraspecific gene expression in all tested datasets." http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001838 View in LinkedIn

DUPLICATIONS FOR VARIATION. "This work shows that the availability of gene duplications and the function of biochemical pathways interact to influence gene expression variation across a diverse array of biological and genetic factors." http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001838 View in LinkedIn

DIVERSITY FOR PROTECTION. "A potential explanation for increased genetic diversity in the aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway may be that gene expression diversity enables response to fluctuations in natural insect populations between different generations." http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001838 View in LinkedIn

OUTLIER FOR DIVERSITY. "Gene expression variation across the different accessions was distributed such that the enzymatic steps responsible for determining the final chemical structure had elevated gene expression variation, suggesting that variation in this pathway may be selected to generate structural diversity." http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001838 View in LinkedIn

DRAMATIC OUTLIER. "Pathway level transcript variation for the aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway was a dramatic outlier in both accession datasets." http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001838 View in LinkedIn

NEW GENE FORMATION. "Within the aliphatic glucosinolate biosynthetic pathway, increased transcript variation across naturally variable Arabidopsis accessions is associated with tandemly duplicated enzymes. This tempts the conclusion that these gene families are undergoing genetic sub-functionalization. However, biochemical analysis of these gene families shows that they have already undergone neo-functionalization, creating new biosynthetic activities in the duplicate enzymes." http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001838 View in LinkedIn

PLASTICITY FOR CHANGES. "In contrast, a major secondary metabolite pathway in Arabidopsis showed a significantly increased level of gene duplication and intraspecific gene expression variation, suggesting that this pathway may be structured to cope with fluctuating selection in the wild. As such, the influence of gene duplication on intraspecific gene expression variation partly depends upon the biological function of the gene involved." http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001838 View in LinkedIn

PATHWAY CONSTRAINTS. "Gene participation in specific metabolic pathways predicted the level of intraspecific variation in gene expression, with major energy and amino acid pathways having relatively lower levels of gene expression variation. This suggests that these primary metabolism pathways are genetically constrained." http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001838 View in LinkedIn

RECENT HISTORY. "For Dr. Hubert Waltl, Board of Management Member for Production at AUDI AG, human‑robot cooperation opens up entirely new possibilities: “The factory of the future will feature increasing interaction between man and machine." http://www.volkswagenag.com/content/vwcorp/info_center/en/news/2015/02/cooperation.html View in LinkedIn

LOCI CONTROL POINTS. "Gene expression variation of segmental and tandem duplicated genes was controlled by a greater number of genetic loci, and these loci had larger effects on gene expression variation for tandem duplicated genes." http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0001838 View in LinkedIn