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MODEL #3 NARRATIVE. "Multiple genes linked by a gene regulatory system can be co-opted as a unit for a new function; their examples include the evolution of butterfly eyespots, vertebrate limbs, complex leaves in plants, and feathers." https://lnkd.in/dJG4bYH View in LinkedIn

MODEL #3 NARRATIVE. "The Krebs cycle posed a real difficulty to evolutionary biologists because intermediate stages in its evolution would have no functionality. An analysis of the component enzymes and cofactors, however, revealed that the component parts and intermediate stages had functions apart from their role in the Krebs cycle." (Bolt-on evolution). https://lnkd.in/dJG4bYH View in LinkedIn

SELF-ASSEMBLY. "Creating this ability in engineered systems poses challenges in the design of both algorithms and physical systems that can operate at such scales," when using limited and unreliable units as seen in nature. http://science.sciencemag.org/content/345/6198/795 View in LinkedIn

HIGH TURNOVER RATE. "According to a recent estimation, out of the four billion species that ever lived on the Earth over the past 3.5 billion yr, only 1% of them have survived until today." https://lnkd.in/d3RnrBP View in LinkedIn

LIMITED AND UNRELIABLE UNITS. "Self-assembly enables nature to build complex forms, from multicellular organisms to complex animal structures such as flocks of birds, through the interaction of vast numbers of limited and unreliable individuals." https://lnkd.in/dZDTAKw View in LinkedIn

ENZYMATIC PLASTICITY. "Enzyme catalytic promiscuity is intrinsically associated with the dynamic nature of proteins, and indeed encompasses a range of mechanistic processes, namely substrate permissiveness, mechanistic elasticity and concomitant product diversity." https://lnkd.in/d3RnrBP View in LinkedIn

SWARM BOTS "are also highly adaptive to changes in the environment, and show good scalability to increased problem and/or swarm size." https://lnkd.in/dcd3APB View in LinkedIn

"SWARM ROBOTIC SYSTEMS typically exhibit interesting properties such as high degrees of parallelism, redundancy, and robustness." https://lnkd.in/dcd3APB View in LinkedIn

BOT INSECT MIMICS. "Swarm robotics is the study of robotic systems consisting of a large group of relatively small and simple robots that interact and cooperate with each other in order to jointly solve tasks that are outside their own individual capabilities." https://lnkd.in/dcd3APB View in LinkedIn

IMPACT OF FOUR TASKS. "Coordination, cooperation, evaluation and collaboration. Together, the four functions of organization produce solutions to the problems of the colony and could give the impression that the colony act as a whole, planning the work to achieve the colony’s goals." https://lnkd.in/dTg7N-6 View in LinkedIn