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COSMIC RAYS. “A solar flare is a sudden flash of brightness observed near the Sun's surface. It involves a very broad spectrum of emissions, requiring an energy release of up to 6 × 10(25) joules of energy (roughly the equivalent of 160,000,000,000 megatons of TNT, over 25,000 times more energy than released from the impact of Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 with Jupiter). Flares are often, but not always, accompanied by a spectacular coronal mass ejection. The flare ejects clouds of electrons, ions, and atoms through the corona of the sun into space. These clouds typically reach Earth a day or two after the event.” https://lnkd.in/eqU3tPY View in LinkedIn

WARNING. “The Science Is Conclusive: Mobile Phones Cause Cancer. Contrary to what you may have heard in the mainstream news, mobile phones and the antennas that allow them to communicate emit powerful, microwave radio frequencies capable of penetrating our bodies and cells. And constant exposure to these frequencies, according to the science, appears to be one of the leading causes of cancer in the modern age.” https://lnkd.in/e35nGZf View in LinkedIn

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NEW THINKING. “How to think about the risks of mobile phones and Wi-Fi.” https://lnkd.in/ehy5aZa View in LinkedIn

LIFE AS WE DON’T KNOW IT. “Underground water or other fluid sources, in combination with flux of secondary particles can provide a stable self-sustained environment for life to exist. Low energy availability can produce organisms with a very slow metabolism. There is a possibility of an ecosystem thriving on this energy source based on other biochemical bases, and might necessitate alternative approaches to detect life ‘as we don't know it’ in subsurface environments on Earth and elsewhere.” https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2016.0459 View in LinkedIn

WATER ALTERNATIVES. “Life, as we know it, requires water, which is a neutral fluid and fits perfectly with temperature variations on Earth. However, other fluids might offer similar functionality in terms of being stable; they may provide transportation of essential nutrients and remain liquid for temperature ranges for that particular planet.” https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2016.0459 View in LinkedIn

COSMIC RADIATION. “Life could evolve a variety of mechanisms to utilize such a large range of energy injected underground. It could produce molecular hydrogen and oxidants useful for life. Muons can both directly react with molecules present in the medium, and also indirectly through radiolysis products. A detailed description of all the chemical reactions including the intermediate steps can be found elsewhere.” https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsif.2016.0459 View in LinkedIn

FRAGMENT FROM NATURE continues from last weekend and concludes this weekend featuring an intriguing article by Dimitra Atri on the possibilities of galactic cosmic ray powered life in the subterranean universe. Mankind has, at least in our latest technological incarnation, invested close to zero in curiosity about life beyond Earth. This remarkable state of affairs is a singular fact that defines human self-absorption, and gives a sobering context to a species who trashes their nest, wantonly exterminates other species, and ignores existential threats. View in LinkedIn

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