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GENE LOCATION, TIMING, CONCENTRATION. "For instance, DipsCYC2A and DipsCYC2B both shift ventrally in Lonicera sempervirens, a species with a flower that is more radially symmetrical in form than the ‘typical’ Lonicera flower. Likewise, differential expression levels of MIXTA across Antirrhinum species correlate with changes in morphology that influence pollinator preferences." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn

NUANCED GENE EXPRESSION. "As we investigate the role of developmental changes in morphological diversification, it becomes increasingly clear that changes in gene expression, not only the location and timing but also subtle changes in concentration, play a major role in developmental evolution." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn

EPIDERMAL PROJECTIONS GENES. "The MIXTA gene family appears to regulate epidermal projections such as conical cell growth and trichome development across angiosperms, although conservation of their expression patterns and regulation by DIV-like genes is unknown." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn

KEY GENE. "In radially symmetrical groups, CYC2 clade members either are not expressed in corolla tissue or are ubiquitously expressed. By contrast, the dorsal restriction of usually two CYC2 paralogues has been found in all bilaterally symmetrical core eudicots to date." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn

SYMMETRY AND POLLINATORS. "The molecular and genetic changes leading to a bilateral petal whorl have been shown to affect pollinator preference, with developmental changes in form and the locations of trichomes and conical cells leading to fewer successful bee visitations, which could potentially lead to restricted gene flow and subsequent speciation." http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn

ALTERING CONSERVED GENES. "This sequential process provides an example of how a conserved GRN could be dynamically altered in divergent groups to evolve a bilaterally symmetrical flower from an actinomorphic ancestor." (GRN = gene regulatory networks). http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/nph.13198/full View in LinkedIn

Multicolored Girona limestones. View in LinkedIn

PLANT ELECTRICAL SIGNALS. “Inspired by the complexity of the signaling network in plants and by analogies with some traits of neurons in human brains, we have sought for evidences of high complexity in the electrical dynamics of plant signaling, beyond APs and VPs responses. Thus, from EEG-like data analyses of soybean plants, we showed consistent evidences of chaotic dynamics in the electrical time series. Furthermore, we have found that the dynamic complexity of electrical signals is affected by the plant physiological conditions, decreasing when plant was stressed.” (APs = action potentials; VPs = variation potentials). https://lnkd.in/dpctVZq View in LinkedIn

CALCIUM AND ROS. "In addition to the use of mobile small molecules and hormones, electrical signals have long been known to propagate throughout the plant. This electrical signaling network has now been linked to waves of Ca2+ and reactive oxygen species that traverse the plant and trigger systemic responses." https://lnkd.in/dFYDRax View in LinkedIn

PLANT ELECTRICITY. "Electrical signals are believed to mediate intracellular, intercellular and interorgan communication within all plant systematic levels, from algae and bryophytes to vascular plants." https://lnkd.in/eVTKbBi View in LinkedIn