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REGULATORY SIGNALS. "Evidence was found for a link between electrical signals and photosynthesis as well as respiration. Wound-induced VPs cause a transient suppression in photosynthetic activity and an increase in respiratory CO2 release. The results led us to conclude that different stimulation types trigger characteristic electrical signals each with specific influence on physiological processes." (VPs = variation potentials). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098847214001634 View in LinkedIn

STRESSORS. "Recently, it was shown that apart from hydraulic signals, electric signals also play a significant role in root-to-shoot communication of drought-stressed plants. Re-irrigation of plants after soil drying initiates rapid hydraulic as well as electric signalling which affects the gas exchange of leaves." http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098847214001634 View in LinkedIn

DOCUMENTATION. "The transmission of both, APs and VPs, occurs via the phloem over long distances and via plasmodesmata over short distances from cell to cell. Regarding physiological functions of electrical signals, numerous examples exist. They regulate rapid leaf movements in order to catch insects and for instance, affect nutrient uptake, gene expression and phloem transport." (APs = action potentials; VPs = variation potentials). http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0098847214001634 View in LinkedIn

IRRITANTS. "AP is induced by non-damaging irritations; in particular, it is induced by electric currents, cooling, touch, some chemical agents, and changes in the light regime." (AP = action potential). http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11120-016-0270-x View in LinkedIn

POLARIZATION. "As in the case of animal APs, ion channels mediate the generation of APs in plants. In addition, another type of long-distance signaling exists in plants: slow wave potentials (SWPs) (aka variation potentials, VPs). Both APs and SWPs (VPs) share the three-fold phase of depolarization–repolarization–hyperpolarization of animal APs." (VPs = variation potentials; APs = action potentials). http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11229-016-1040-1 View in LinkedIn

PATHWAYS. "Electrical signals can propagate along the plasma membrane on short distances in plasmodesmata, and on long distances in a phloem." http://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-08807-5_6 View in LinkedIn