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NEW CHALLENGES. "Submergence also exposes organisms to the forces of wave action and tidal currents that effects reproductive functions and reduces the availability of carbon dioxide (CO2). Consequently, seagrasses have evolved to propagate via hydrophilous pollination and rely on carbonic acid and bicarbonate instead of CO2." http://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-11-8 View in LinkedIn

ANAEROBIC SEDIMENT. "One factor contributing to these high light requirements is the reducing sediments to which seagrasses are rooted. These sediments challenge seagrass root tissues with anaerobic conditions since marine sediments are often oxygen deficient. When the internal transport of oxygen from shoot to root tissues is not sufficient, seagrasses can be forced to resort to fermentative metabolism." http://bmcevolbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2148-11-8 View in LinkedIn

WHOLE PLANT MEMORY. "But can it be found also on the whole plant level? One promising example is the developmental memory represented by reaction of axillar buds of Scrophularia cuttings to leaf removal, demonstrated by classical experiments of R. Dostál from the 1960s, or later experiments demonstrating specific response of Bidens axillar buds to cotyledon injury in decapitated plants. later experiments demonstrating specific response of Bidens axillar buds to cotyledon injury in decapitated plants.” http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4161/psb.4.5.8276#abstract View in LinkedIn

"MEMORY does exist in plants at least on the cellular level, even by our strict criterion." The assessment of the skeptical enquiry. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4161/psb.4.5.8276#abstract View in LinkedIn

MEMORY CANDIDATE. "One promising candidate, as long as we attribute individuality also to cells, would be auxin canalization, i.e., gradual tuning of auxin transport across cells and tissues, based on their previous experience and resulting in increased auxin flow in cells that already have transported auxin. This phenomenon, which has been proposed as a major factor determining e.g., the topology of leaf venation." http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.4161/psb.4.5.8276#abstract View in LinkedIn

PRESENT AND FUTURE ASSESSMENT. "Thus, at each setting of the environment, the individual plant can access information that it can use to construct a response and to ensure that overall, maximal fitness will be achieved. The implication is that the difference between the optimal niche/phenotype and the present environment and present phenotype can be measured." http://aob.oxfordjournals.org/content/92/1/1.full View in LinkedIn