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"PLASMODESMATA integrate various communication types and functions, as allowing for both local and long-distance communication." https://lnkd.in/d3eE69g View in LinkedIn

GATEWAY. "Plant cells are connected by plasmodesmata. These connecting channels enable the flow of small molecules as well as ions, metabolites and hormones, and allow the selective exchange (size-exclusion limit) of macromolecules such as proteins, RNAs and even cell bodies." https://lnkd.in/d3eE69g View in LinkedIn

NEIGHBOR MEMORY. "Plants that are removed and planted elsewhere appear to ‘remember’ the identity of their former closest neighbours for several months." https://lnkd.in/d3eE69g View in LinkedIn

ROOT EXUDATES. "Plants use such biotic signals to inform each other about the presence, absence and identity of neighbouring plants, growth space, growth disturbances and competition." https://lnkd.in/d3eE69g View in LinkedIn

NUANCED. "Mechanically injured plants emit substances that are ignored by neighbouring plants, i.e., do not trigger any kind of response behaviour, whereas these same plants all reacted immediately to communicated pest infestation." https://lnkd.in/d3eE69g View in LinkedIn

ORGANOGENESIS. "In the context of Intracellular signalling, auxin plays a role in organogenesis, i.e., cell development and differentiation. In the organogenesis of roots, for example, auxin enables cells to determine their position and establish their identity, while the cell wall and the organelles it contains help regulate the signal molecules." https://lnkd.in/d3eE69g View in LinkedIn

Wonderful collection of porcelain scenes on a building near Girona rail station. View in LinkedIn

AUXIN SIGNALS. "Yet auxin is detected as an extracellular signal at the plant synapse in order to react to light and gravity. In a different context, it also serves as an extracellular messenger substance to send electrical signals; while in yet another, it functions as a synchronisation signal for cell division." https://lnkd.in/d3eE69g View in LinkedIn

PLANT NEUROTRANSMITTERS. "Plants use neurotransmitter-like auxin and, presumably, neurotransmitters such as glutamate, glycine, histamine, acetylcholine, dopamine — all of which they also produce themselves." https://lnkd.in/d3eE69g View in LinkedIn

CHEMICAL SIGNS. "In the world of plant biology, as in the world of animal biology, chemical molecules are often used as signs. Such molecules, whether in a solid, liquid or gaseous form, function as signals, messenger substances, information carriers and memory media, in order to organise internal life processes." https://lnkd.in/d3eE69g View in LinkedIn