21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2020-11-30 05:48:03

linkedin post 2020-11-30 05:48:03

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ICE TREE RINGS. “A snowflake’s final shape is a history lesson of how the thing grew. The outside edge of the crystal is where it grew last, and as you go inward you can tell [the conditions of] where it was before"...temperature also plays a major role in the forming of flakes...shapes vary according to temperature." http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/the-science-of-snowflakes/ View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2020-11-30 05:46:37

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AQUEOUS CHEMISTRY. “Super-cooled liquid water is rarely pure water, foremost because it has itself nucleated heterogeneously on a cloud condensation nuclei. Hence, depending on their size, supercooled water droplets in the atmosphere tend to be solutions with differing degrees of concentration. The effect of the solute is to reduce the water activity.” http://www.mpimet.mpg.de/fileadmin/staff/stevensbjorn/teaching/skript-5.pdf View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2020-12-01 05:48:12

linkedin post 2020-12-01 05:48:12

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NEXT OBSERVATIONS. “Anders Celcius and Olav Hiorter in 1747 discovered the temporal coincidence between compass needle variations and bright auroral displays. Comparing simultaneous magnetic variations in London and in Uppsala they further realized that the phenomena they were studying were related to processes in the planetary scale.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2020-12-01 05:46:42

linkedin post 2020-12-01 05:46:42

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KNOWLEDGE BEGAN 300 YEARS AGO. “The first steps of Sun-Earth connection science were made by Edmund Halley, who following the spectacular auroral displays in Europe in March 1716, suggested that particles moving along the Earth’s magnetic field lines were the cause of the aurora.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments

linkedin post 2020-12-01 05:42:41

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IMPACT OF THE SUN. “Space weather effects arise from the dynamic conditions in the Earth’s space environment driven by processes on the Sun. While some effects are influenced neither by the properties of nor the processes within the Earth’s magnetosphere, others are critically dependent on the interaction of the impinging solar wind with the terrestrial magnetic field and plasma environment.” https://lnkd.in/dUbcNRe View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2020-12-01 05:52:44

linkedin post 2020-12-01 05:52:44

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MUCH STILL UNKNOWN. “While the modern space era with detailed in-situ and remote sensing measurements in and from space have resolved many issues concerning the behavior of the Sun, the solar wind, and the terrestrial space environment, many of the basic physics questions concerning the Sun-Earth connection remain open.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2020-12-01 05:50:23

linkedin post 2020-12-01 05:50:23

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BIG STEP FORWARD. “The geomagnetic activity connection to solar processes was established by mid-nineteenth century: Solar flare correlation with active, bright auroras and geomagnetic disturbances was found by Carrington in 1860, and long-term observations showed 11-year variability both in sunspot numbers and occurrence frequency of magnetic disturbances and auroras.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn
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21Sep 2022 by Nigel Fleming No Comments
linkedin post 2020-12-03 04:33:18

linkedin post 2020-12-03 04:33:18

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GEOEFFECTIVE. “The Sun affects the Earth and its environs in a variety of ways and on many different timescales. Events on the Sun leading to large perturbations in the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere system are called geoeffective. From space weather point of view the key question is how to distinguish those solar events that are geoeffective from those that are not.” https://link.springer.com/article/10.12942/lrsp-2007-1 View in LinkedIn
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